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Pancreas Flashcards

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0
Q

Initial 48 hrs in acute pancreatitis

A 
CHOBBS
Ca 10%
O2 5
Base deficit >4
Sequestration >6L
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1
Q

Ransons criteria

A 
GALAW
Glucose >200
AST >250
LDH >350
WBC >16000
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2
Q

Most appropriate treatment for acute pancreatitis

A

Bowel rest NPO

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3
Q

Most appropriate analgesic for patient with acute pancreatitis

A

Meperidine ( does not cause dysfunction of sphincter of oddi)

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4
Q

Mcc of chronic pancreatitis

A

Long term alcohol abuse

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5
Q

Strongest environmental influence in Pancreatic adeno ca

A

Cigarette smoking

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6
Q

Mc location of pancreati adeno ca

A

Head

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7
Q

True or false

Carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas do not impinge on the billiary tract

A

True

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8
Q

Painless obstructive jaundice

Trosseau sign

A

Pancreatic carcinoma

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9
Q

Tumor marker for pancreatic ca

A

CA 19-9

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10
Q

Surgical tx for pancreatic ca

A

Whipples procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy)

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11
Q

Can be mistaken for pancreatic ca

A

Mirrizi syndrome

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12
Q

2 main vascular cells

A

Endothelial- intima

Smooth muscle - media

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13
Q

Weibel palade bodies

A

Endothelial cells

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14
Q

TRUE aneurysm

A

Syphilitic
Atherosclerotic
Congenital aneurysm

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15
Q

Aortic dissection vs false aneurysm

A

Aortic dissection- blood in single vessel layer

False aneurysm- blood in two vessel layer

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16
Q

Defect at the junction of the communicating branches with the main cerebral vessels (ant communicating artery)

Sudden occipital HA

A

Berry aneurysm

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17
Q

Asso.w/ tertiary syphilis

Invasion of vasa vasorum of thoracic aorta (obliterative endarteritis)

Aortic valve regurgitation

A

Syphilitic aneurysm

Invasion of vasa vasorum–> hypoxia and death of tunica media –> aorta loss elastic recoil–> syphilitic

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18
Q

Dissection of blood between laminar parts of tunica MEDIA

A

Aortic dissection/dissecting hematoma

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19
Q

Type A and type B in aortic dissection/ dissecting hematoma

A

Type A - proximal ( ascending or both ascending an d descending)–> surgery

Type B - distal (begins at distal subclavian artery)

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20
Q

Most frequent pre existing histologic lesion in aortic dissection

A

Cystic medial degeneration/ necrosis

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21
Q

Mc locations of varicose veins

A

Superficial saphenous veins
Distal esophagus
Anorectal regions
Left scrotal sac

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22
Q

Varicose vein does not lead to thromboembolism

A

True

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23
Q

Important clinical finding in aortic dissection

A

Loss of UPPER extremity pulses

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24
Mc location of phlebothrombosis
Calf deep vein
25
Vein thrombosis without inflammation | Caused by blood stasis or hypercoagulability
Phlebothrombosis
26
Orange discoloration and ischemic ulcers around ankles
Phlebothrombosis
27
Puffiness, cyanosis of head, neck, arm veins Asso.with Primary lung Ca or mediastinal lymphoma
SVC syndrome
28
Compression of the neurovascular components of the neck Spastic anterior scalene muscles
Thoracic outlet syndrome
29
Hardening of the arteries
Arteriosclerosis
30
2 types of arteriosclerosis
Hyaline variant -- major charac. Of benign nephrosclerosis Hyperplastic variant -- (+) concentric hypertrophy
31
Mc site of atherosclerosis
Abdminal aorta
32
Complication of atherosclerosis
Superimposed thrombosis | MI, stroke, Small bowel infarction
33
Criteria for hypertensive heart disease
LVH in absence of cardiac pathology
34
Earliest manifestation of hypertensive heart disease
Inc.in the transverse diameter of myocytes
35
P-ANCA
Churg strauss syndrome, microscopic polyangitis Ab against myeloperoxidase (MPO)
36
C-ANCA
Wegener granulomatosis Ab against proteinase 3
37
Mc form of systemic vasculitis in adults
Temporal (giant cell) arteritis
38
Artery involve in temporal giant cell arteritis
Temporal artery | Opthalmic artery
39
Pulseless disease
Takayasu arteritis
40
Segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation of small to medium sized arteries More of renal artery Does not affect the pulmonary arteries
PAN
41
Young adult Positive HBsAg Fatal -- RF but no GN
PAN
42
Mc acquired heart dsea in children | Coronary artery most often affected
Kawasaki
43
Treatment of KAWASAKI
ASA, IVIg
44
Only indication for ASA in children
RF Kawasaki Juvenile RA
45
Allergic granulomatosisa and angitis
Churg strauss syndrome
46
Triad of Wegener granulomatosis
Necrotizing granuloma Necrotizing vasculitis Necrotizing glomerulitis
47
C's of wegener
C anca Cyclophosphamide Corticosteroid Cresentricn GN
48
Resting pain of forefoot
Thromboangitis Obliterans
49
Normal weight of heart
300-350g (50g less in females)
50
Inc. BNP Left sided S3 Inc.BNP Bat wing configuration
Left sided heart failure
51
Causes of high output heart failure
Beri beri Anemia Hyperthyroidism AV fistula
52
Mc congenital disease
VSD, followed by asd, ps, pda, tof
53
Mc genetic risk for chd
Down syndrome
54
L to R shunt | Acyanotic
Asd, vsd, pda avsd
55
Mc cyanotic congenital heart dsea.
TOF
56
Component of TOF
Pulmonic stenosis RVH Overriding of VSD by the aorta VSD
57
Tet spells, do squatting
TOF
58
Boot shaped heart
TOF
59
Egg shaped cardiac silhouette
Transposition of great vessels
60
Mc adult chd
ASD
61
Mc type of ASD?
Secundum
62
Chd with fixed widely split S2
ASD
63
Mc CHD
VSD
64
Chd asso.with congenital rubella
PDA
65
Machinery murmur
Pda
66
Death within one hour Occurs early morning CAD-90%
Sudden cardiac death
67
Romano ward syndrome (AD long QT syndrome) | Brugada syndrome
Sudden cardiac death
68
ST elevation, Q waves Full thickness, transmural Early mortality rate
Q wave infarction MI
69
Partial thickness/subendocardial ST depression Inc risk for SCD
Non Q wave MI
70
Coagulation necrosis in M.I happens at what hour
4-12 hrs | Wavy fibers and myoctolysis
71
Reperfusion in M.I
6 hrs -- no appreciable reduction in M.I size
72
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
73
Midsystolic click
Mitral valve prolapse
74
Austin flint murmur
Aortic regurgitation
75
Graham steel murmur
Pulmo regurgitation

Pathology (11 decks)

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