Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NCLEX > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

(110 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what 3 hormones does the thyroid gland produce

A

T3, T4 and calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does calcitonin do

A

decreases serum calcium levles by taking calcium out of the blood and pushing it back into the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is calcitonin typically used for treating

A

osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what element do you need to make hormones? does our body make it?

A

iodine - no need it in diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do thyroid hormones give us

A

energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when you see hyperthyroid what should you think? what are signs and symptoms

A

TOO MUCH ENERGY

  • S & S associated with too much energy
  • bulgy eyes like bucehmi
  • sweaty and hot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

is your thyroid too big or too small in hyperthyroidism

A

too big

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is hyperthyroidism diagnosed

A

T4 and TSH level

thyroid scan - ultrasound/MRI/CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in hyper throidism is T4 high or low? what about TSH?

A

T4 high

TSH low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what must a client do prior to a thyroid scan

A

discontinue any iodine containing meds 1 week prior and wait 6 weeks to restart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is treatment for hyperthyroidism

A 
medications 
- anti thyroids
-iodine compounds
-beta blockers
radioactive iodine theraapy
sx - thyroidectomy (partial/complete)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do anti thyroids do? are thye used for hyper or hypothyroidism

A

hyperthyroidism
stop thyroid from making homrones
used pre-op to stun the thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do iodine compounds do? are they used for hyper or hypo?

A

hyper
decrease the size and vascularity of the gland
give in milk or juice and use a straw - can stain teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why are beta blockers used in patients with thyroid problems? hper or hypo?

A

hyper

decrease contractility and co, decrease HR and BP decrease anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what clients should not get a beta blocker

A

asthmatics or diabetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is radioactive iodine therapy? is it for hyper or hypothyroidism

A

hyperthyroidism

one dose given PO that destroys thyroid cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

if someone does radioactie iodine therapy what should be ruled out? what precautions need to be taken after

A

need to rule out pregnancy

follow radioactive precations - stay away from babies for 1 week and dont kiss anyone for one week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the biggest concern for people with hyperthyroidism especially with radioactive iodine therapy

A

thyroid storms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the biggest concern post thyroidectomy ? what are S & S of this concenr

A

hemorrhage - feelings of pressure in neck area, can see bleeding at incision site + behind neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

whyis it important to check for a hoarse voice following thyroidectomy sx

A

indicates laryngeal nerve damage - could lead to vocal cord paralysi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when ther is paralysis of vocal chords what does this mean

A

airway obstrcution - requries immediate trach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what needs to be at the bedside of a patient who has had neck surgery

A

trach set

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what electrolyte imbalance are we worried about with thyroidectony

A

hypocalcemia - ptoential removal of parathyroids - look for non sedated and muscle rigidity and seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what care is important with hyperthyroid patients

A

eye care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism
no energy symptoms slow or slurred speech cold absence of menstration
26
hypothyroidism can be mistaken for what
depression
27
how is hypothyroid diagnosed
low T4 | high TSH
28
what medication is taken with hypothyroidism
levothyroxine - must be taken on an empty stomach
29
what potential problem are we worried about with people starting levothyroxine
MI - they usually have CAD
30
does levothyroxine need to be taken forever
yes
31
what will happen to someones energy level when they start taking levo
increase
32
what do the parathyroids secrete
PTH
33
what is the role of PTH
pulls calcium from bone and puts it int he blood increases serum calcium
34
what will happen to the calcium elvel if you have too much parathromone in your body
increase
35
what are other names for hyperparathyroidism
hypercalcemia or hypophophatemia
36
what are the signs and symptoms of hyperparathyroidism
high serum calcium low serum phosphorus sedated
37
what is the treatement for hyperparathyroidism
partial parathyroidectomy - take out 2 of your parathyroids to decrease PTH secretion
38
what do you monitor for after parthyroidectomy
hypocalcemia - msucle rigidity tetany
39
what are other wods for hypopartathyroidisim
hypocalcemia - hyperphosphatemia
40
what are the signs and symptoms of hypopartahtyroidism
not enough PTH serum calcium is low serum phosphorus is high muscle ridgiity
41
treatment for hypoparathyroidism
IV calcium | phosphorus binding drugs - drop phosphorus elevate calcium
42
what do we need our adrenal glands to handle
stress
43
what are the two parts of the adrenal gland
adrenal medulla | adrenal cortex
44
what does the adrenal medulla secrete
E and NE
45
what is a problem that can occur with the adrenal medualla
pheochromocytoma - benign tumor that secrete E and NE in boluses tends to be familial - screen family
46
what are signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma?
``` increased BP, HR palpitations flushing diaphorteitc HA ```
47
how is pheochromocytoma diagnosed
catecholamine levels checked - VMA and MN test - cant have anything with vanilla 24 hour urine test - check for increased E and NE
48
what is important to remember with 24 hour urine test
throw away first void, keep last | avoid activities that increase E and NE
49
treatment for pheochromocytoma
surgery to remove tumors
50
what does the adrenal cortex secrete
STEROIDS | glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and sex hormones
51
what is the role of clucocorticoids
change your mood - extremes alter defense mechanisms - immunosurppresed breakdown fat and proteins inhibit insulin
52
what is an example of minerocorticoids
aldosterone
53
what does aldosterone do
retain sodium and water; lose potassium
54
what is the problem with too much aldosterone
fluid overload | low potassium
55
what is the problem with not enough aldosterone
dehydration | increased serum potassium
56
name 3 examples of sex hormones
testosterone, estroge and progesterone
57
what is the problem with too many sex hormones
hisutism (excessive hair), acne, irregular menstral cycle
58
what is the problem with not enough sex hormones
decreased axiallary and pubic hair | decreased libido
59
what should you think of with too much steroids
hypercortisolism --> too many steroids too much stress
60
what are 3 adrenal cortex problems
not enough steroids shock hyperkalemia hypogylycemia
61
what disease is associated with too little steroids
addisons (aldosterone is a steroid!)
62
what are the signs and symptoms of addisons
not enough aldosterone so losing water and sodiumand retaining potassium extreme fatigue, nasuea, vomiting, anorexia, hypotension, confusion, hypogylcemia, hyperpigmentation, white patchy area of skin
63
what is the treatment for Addisons
``` combat shock add sodium in diet processed fruti juice and broth has a lot of sodium in it I & O daily weight ```
64
What is the pharmacological treatment for addisons
Steroids prednisolone Fludrocortisone - aldosterone
65
How is Prednisolone given?
BID | 2/3 in morning and 1/3 at night (this is how the body usually excretes steroids
66
What needs to be monitored when giving steroids
BP and weight
67
what is an addisonian crisis
severe hypotension and vascular collapse | can occur with infectons, emoional stress, physical exertion or stopping sterids abruptly
68
What is Cushing's disease
too many steroids | (glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, sex hormones
69
These S & S indicate what steroid is in excess: growth arrest thin skin increased risk of infetion hyperglycemia psychosis to depression moon faced (fat redistribution or fluid retention) truncal obesity (fat redistribution or fluid retention) buffalo hump (fat redistribution)
glucorticoids
70
What steroid is in excess when one has oily skin/acne or when women have male traits
sex hormones
71
what steroid is in excess with high BP, CHF, weight gain, and fluid volume excess
mineral corticoids (aldosterone)
72
In a client with cushing's what will their potassium be
too much aldosterone so they will have low potassium
73
if you did a 24 hour urine on a patient with cushing's what would their cortisol level be
high
74
what is the treatment for cushing's disease
adrenalectomy (unilateral or bilateral) *if both are removed require lifetime replacement quiet enviroment avoid infection
75
what diet is necessary for a cushing's client prior to treatment
high potassium low sodium high protein high calcium
76
What do steroids do with calcium
decrease it by excreting it through the GI tract
77
If a nurse is monitoring lab values of a client on long-term steroid therapy which values would the nurse expect to be altered in the urine
glucose and ketones - steroids made blood sugar go up body fat broken down so have ketones
78
What are normal BG levels
3.9-6.1
79
What nmight be the first sign of DM type 1
DKA
80
What is the patho of DM type 1
insulin required to move glucose into cells --> no insulin stays in the blood --> blood beocmes hypertonic and pulls fluid --> glucose lost in urine --> cells are starving for glucose so break down fat and proteins --> ketones made (acidic) --> client goes into metabolic acidosis
81
what type of breathing do diabetics do with high glucose
kussmal respirations to rid CO2
82
What is th patho for NIDDM
don't have enough insulin or are insulin resistant --> can't make enough insulin to keep up with glucose they are taking in
83
what should Type 2 diabetics be evaluated for
metabolic syndrome
84
How much more insulin does a mom need in gestational diabetes
2-3X more insuilin than normal
85
If a mom has risk factors for gestational diabetes when should they be screened
first prenatal vvisit
86
when are all moms screened for gestational diabetes
24-28 weeks
87
what complications to baby occur with gestational diabetes
hypoglycemia and increased birth weight
88
What kind of diet should a diabetic hav
most calories should come from complex carbs and then fats, then proteins
89
why are we worried about carbohydrates in a diabetics diet
sugar destroys vessels just like fat
90
high fiber slows down what in diabetics
glucose absoprtion in the intestines
91
what should diabetics remember with exercise
wait for blood sugar to normalize to begin exercies eat prior to exercise exercise when blood sugar is at its highest exercise same time and amount daily
92
how do oral antibiotics work
improves how the body produces insulin and how the body uses insulin and glucose ALL work to decrease amount of circulating glucose
93
Diabetics undergoing surgery or any radiological procedure that invovles contrast dye should temporarily discontinue what medication? why?
metformin | continue after 48 hours if kindey function returns to normal and creatinine is normal
94
what is insulin dose based on
weight
95
what is the standard insulin given IV
regular
96
what is the most common daily dosing of insulin
basal/bolus
97
what two insulins are used in basal/bolus dosing
long acting and rapid acting
98
are snacks requrired with basal/bolus dosing
no
99
what should you think about diabeitcs when they are ill
DKA
100
with insulin injections what should you remember
rotate one area firt
101
what type of insulin is used in an insulin pump
rapid
102
what are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
``` cold and clammy confused nervous, nauseated shaky, tachy HA, hungry ```
103
what should a client do if they are hypoglycemic
eat or drink a simple carb - snacks should be 15 g of carbohydrates
104
what delays glucose absorption
fat
105
whats the rule for hypoglycemics
15-15-15 wait 15 mins if below give 15g sugar wait 15
106
once a diabetics blood sugar is back up what should they do eat
a complex carb and protein
107
If you enter a diabetic client's room and they are unconscious do you treat them as they are hypo or hyper
hypo - its more dangerous
108
what is the treatment for DKA
``` find the cause hourly blood sugar and K levels IV insuin ECG hourly outputs ABG's --> metabolic acidosis IVFs --> polyruia causes shock; start with NS then switch to D5W to preven hypogylcemia ```
109
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketois (HHNK) or Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) differs from DKA how
no acidosis --> making just enough insulin so they are not breaking down body fat so no ketones
110
what can happen with the GI tract regarding diabetics
stomach emptying delayed so risk for aspiration due to neuropathy

NCLEX (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions