Pediatrics Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
when does the anterior fontanel close
A
12-18 mths
2
Q
when does the posterior fontanel close
A
2-3 months
3
Q
why are foods introduced to infants one at a time
A
worried about allergies
also they have an immature GI track
4
Q
what is the most common reason for failed toilet training
A
they are not ready
5
Q
at what age does the best friend stage occur
A
9-10
6
Q
what happens to the growth rate between 6-12 yrs of age
A
decreases
7
Q
a school age child reqiuries hos many caloreis per day
A
2400
8
Q
how many years earlier to girls go through puberty
A
1-2
9
Q
what is the first step in assessing a child
A
observation
10
Q
why should you talk to the parents before you talk to a child
A
to build a trusting relationship with the child
11
Q
what is the progression of obtaining child VS
A
resps
HR
BP
temp
12
Q
why is it important to count RR and HR for a full minute with children
A
because of irregularities
13
Q
what should be done if you cant take VS without disturbing the child
A
record the behaviour with measurements
14
Q
how should temperature be taken for children younger than 2 years
A
rectal
15
Q
what is considered the most reliable form of temperature in children
A
rectal
16
Q
when is rectal temperature contraindicated
A
in immunosuppresed children
17
Q
when should axillay be done in children? what ages
A
all ages when an oral route is not possile
18
Q
when can you start taking oral temps
A
ages 5-6
19
Q
what do newborns brith - 1 years old respond to
A
human voice and presence
touch ash psitive effect
20
Q
waht should nruses encourage for newborwns birth to 1 month
A
lots of touch
21
Q
how do infants 1 month to 12 mths communicate
A
crying and facial expressions
22
Q
what are infants age 1 - 12 months attentive to
A
human voice and presence
no comprehension of words
23
Q
what do infants 1mth-12 mths respond to
A
touch through patting, rocking and stroking
24
Q
what are nursing stategies for infants age 1-12mths
A
speack in high-pitched voice, cuddle,pat and rub to calm
25
what age do you start evolving verbal skills
toddlers and precschoolers age 1-5 yrs
26
do toddlers and preschoolers have greater expressive languate or receptive
receptive
27
what age group has concrete and literal thinking which may lead to mininterpreation of phrases
1-5 years
28
what is vocabulary dependent on with toddles and preschoolers age 1-5
development and family use
29
what age group asks a lot of why questions
preschoolar 1-5
30
what is the cognivie development of toddlers and preschoolsers
egocentric - world revovles around them
magical thinkiers
animism - think non living things behave like humans
31
what is the 2 forms of nonverbal communication for toddlers and preschools (1-5)
express themselves through paly and drawing
| play is the work of the child
32
what age group is able to use logic
school-age children (6-12 years)
33
what age group can begin to undstand others points of view and casue and effect?
6-12
34
when does a child start to understand how the body functions
6-12
35
when are children able to interpret non verbal messages
6-12
36
adolescents age 13-18 can do abstract thinking hovere they cannot
have a full adult comprehension
37
what age is there a drive for independence and privarcy
13-18
38
what builds rapport with adolescencts
trust and understanding
39
what are some nursing strateiges for working with adolscents
straightforward approach
talk in private area
conduct at least part of the interivew without parents present
40
what is the most common type of croup expereinced by children admitted to the hospital
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
41
what age group does larygnotracheobronchitis affect
children under 5 --> caused from viral infection
42
what are the signs and symptoms of larygnotracheobronchitis
slight to severe dyspnea
barkingor brassy cough
increased temp
43
can children with laryngotracheobronchitis be treated at home
yes
44
what are 3 ways that laryngoeobronchitis be treated at home
steam such as hot showers
car rides with teh windowns down at night
cool-termpature therapy assists by constricting blood vessels
45
if symptoms of laryngeobronchitis worsen whant is needed
epinephrine to constrict edematous blood vessls
| corticiosteroids to reduce inflammation
46
what should not be confused with croup
epiglottis
47
what is epiglottis
serous obstruvtive inflammatory process that occurs in chidlren age 2-5 years old
48
what is the key difference between epiglottis and croup
epiglottis has no cough
prenece of dysphagia
rapid progression to severe repiratory distress
49
do epiglottis kids or LTB (laryngeobronchitis) kids sound worse then they look
LTB
50
do epiglottis kids or LTB kids look worse then they sound
epiglottis kids look worse then they sound
51
what is an acute viral infecation athat affects the bronchioles
RSV
52
what does RSV include?
RSV, bronchioligis
| RSV pneumonia
53
what is the leading cause of respiratory tract illness in children less than 2
RSV
54
what vaccine is givne to children at high risk for RSV
palivizumab
55
how is asthma differnt from RSV
asthma is inflammation and bronchoconstriction of airways resutling in obstrcution
56
what is prolonged expiratory wheezing a sign of
ashtma
57
what happens with cystic firbosis
thick sticky secretions everywhere
58
what tow body systems are affected by CF
respiratory and GI
59
what type of enzymes are given to help cysit fibrosis children
pancreatic --> take within 30 mins of eating
60
what type of diet should a child with cystic firbosis have
```
well balanced
high fat
high calorie
high protein
water soluble vitamins (A, E,D, K)
```
61
what type of stools does a patient with CF have
fatty frothy stools
62
what is the diagnostic test for CF
sweat chloride
63
what electrolyte imbalance are children with CF at risk for
hyponatremia
64
in teh newborn what is the earliest sign of CF
meconium ileus
65
what kind of disease is cystic firbosis
inherited disease --> must get the gene from both paresnts
66
what types of infecations are children with down syndrome most at risk for
respiroatry becasue they have a poor immune system
67
what is the most common type of birth defect associted with down syndrome
heart
68
Hf in children is usually due to what
congenital heart defects
69
what medications are used to treat HF in children
digoxin
ACE
furosemide
70
what are the signs of dig toxicity in children
vomiting and bradycardia
71
when should you hold a dose of dig for infants
if HR <110
72
when should you hold a dose of digoxin for children
if the pulse is <70
73
do infants ever get more than 1mL of digoxin
rarely
74
waht is the normal digoxin level
0.8-1
75
should you give a dose of digoxin is if ts 4 hours past due
no
76
what should you do if two doses of digoxin are missed
hold the dose
77
what is a good feeding schedule for a ehart baby
every 3 hours
78
what time period should feedings be kept within for heart babies
no longer than 30 mintues
79
what is the top concern for a client with a cleft palate, cleft lip, or both
nutrition
80
when a baby is born with a cleft lip and palate which one doyou correct first
lip --> promotes bonding
81
why do babies with a cleft lip or palate need to be purped frequently
because they swallow a lot of air and are at risk for abd distentions --> N/V
82
what posisiton should cleft lip repair children be placed in
back or side lining dont want to put them prone because we are protecting the suture line
83
what should you clean the suture line with for cleft lip pts
NS
84
what type of restraing would you selfect after a cleft lip repair
elbow
85
when is the best time for cleft palate repair to be doen
before speech develosp between ages 1-2
86
waht is the difference between gastrophageal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease
GERD is the chronic form of GER - passage of gastric ontents into the esophgagus
87
which is worse GERD or GER
GERD because its chronic and damages respiratory structures
88
what type of feedings should be given to a GER GERD pt
small thickened
89
waht is pyloric stenosis
enlarged pylorus resulting in projectile vomitng afeter feeding
90
what is associated with an olive shpaed mass in teh epigastric region near the umbilicus
pyloric stenosis --> the enlarged pylorus
91
how is pyloric stenosis diagnosed
U/S
92
is sx done for pyloric stenosis
sometimes to open sphinchter
93
what is it called when a peice of the bowel goes backwards inisde itself forming an obstruction
intussception
94
what are the S& S of intussception
```
sudden onset
crampingintermittent abd pain
drawing up of knees
currant jelly stools
drawing up of knees
```
95
what procedure can soemtimes be doen to fix intussception
barium enema --> pressure of the enema will push the telescoped area back out
96
what is celiac disease
genetic malabsorption disorder where there is a permanet intestinal intolerance to gluten
97
what is the acronym for what celiacs cant have in their diet
BROW
| Barley, rye, oats, wheat
98
what is the acronym for what celiac disease patients can have
rice
corn
soy
99
what is hirschsprung's disease
congentital disease known as aganglonic megacolon --piece of intestine that has zero nerves ---> results in mechanical obstruction
100
what are the signs and symptoms of hirschprungs disease
constipation
abdominal distension
ribbon like stools that have a foul smell
101
what is the treatmetn for hirschprungs disease
remove a portionof the bowel that is diseased
102
what is the most common age of children affected by UTIs
2-24 montsh
103
do males or females aged 2-24 montsh have a higher cahcne of developing a UTI
it is the same
104
what pain scale is used for infants 2 montsh to seven years of age
FLACC
| Face, Legs, Activity, crying and consolability
105
what pain scale is used for childresn age 3 and up
wong baker pain rating scale --< facesw
106
a numerical pain scale can be used for what ages
5 and up
107
what are depressed eyes a symptom of in children
hydrocephalus
108
what is a high-pitch cry indicative of
hydrocephalus
109
what is the setting sun sign and what does it mean
white above the iris
| hydrocephalus
110
how do you collect a specifmen of pinworms for diagnosis
tape test to recutm early monring
111
does the whole familyneed to be treated for pinworms
yes
112
what virus causes mono
eb
113
what is bad breath following a tonsilectomy indicative of
old blood in throat
114
t or f children with otitis media should avoid chewing
t
