Endocrine

Question 1

What is diabetes insipidus?

tx

Answer 1

polyuria, polydipsia

increased serum osmal, decreased specific gravity

Question 2

What is SIADH

what disease can cause this

Answer 2

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

• causes fluid rtn
• oliguria, low serum osmal, increased urine specific gravity
• cancer cells (esp lung cancer) can secrete excess ADH -0–> SIADH

Question 3

Tx for hypoglycemia in dm I and dm II

Answer 3

• give carbs

- im glucagon and iv dextrose

Question 4

s/s hypoglycemia

Answer 4

drunk and in shock

+ shakiness, restlessness, irritability

Question 5

s/s of dka

Answer 5

dehydration - increased temp
ketosis - kussmaul breathing, hyperkalemia
acidosis - fruity breath and anorexia w nausea

Question 6

treatment of dka

Answer 6

re hydrate and insulin

bolus first!!

Question 7

s/s of HHNK

Answer 7

hyperosmolar hyperglycemia nonketosis acidosis

• severe dehydration

Question 8

treatment for hyperthyroid

Answer 8

radioactive iodine
ptu - cancer drug

thyroidectomy

Question 9

what to monitor for a total thyroidectomy

monitor for partial

Answer 9

monitor airway and signs of hypocalcemia ie. tetany, paresthesia

signs of thyroid storm

Question 10

tx for parathyroid trauma

Answer 10

calcium gluconate

Question 11

s/s thyroid storm and cause

tx

Answer 11

uncontrolled hyperthyroidism occurs during stressful events like MVC

high fever (42), tachy, very high bp, psychosis delirium

wait it out.. cooling blankets, ice, o2

Question 12

life threatening complication of hypothyroidism

what should be reported to hcp

Answer 12

myxedemacoma - severe hypothyroidism
- check resp, intubate

• if pt should take levothyroxine with anesthetics
• these pt should not be sedated

Question 13

tx of hypothyroidism

Answer 13

levothyroxine - take in AM on empty stomach

Question 14

what is exophthalmos

Answer 14

protusion of eyeball, tape eyelids at night

occurs in hyperthyroidism

Question 15

what is addison’s disease

s/s

Answer 15

under secretion of adrenal cortex

vitiligo, low BP, hyponatremia, weight loss, weakness

Question 16

what is addisonian crisis

Answer 16

under stress - bg and bp go down

Question 17

tx for addisonian crisis

Answer 17

shock management

- iv fluids and dextrose and corticosteriod iv push

Question 18

tx for addison’s disease

and what to monitor while on tx

Answer 18

corticosteroid

- causes immnosuppression look for infn signs

Question 19

what is cushing’s + cause and s/s

Answer 19

oversecretion of adrenal and prolonged exposure to corticosteroids

Question 20

tx for cushing’s

Answer 20

adrenoectomy

Question 21

peak time for lantus

Answer 21

no peak

Question 22

peak time for aspart, lispro

Answer 22

30 mins

Question 23

peak time for NPH

Answer 23

4-12h

Question 24

peak time for regular

Answer 24

2-5hr

Question 25

order for mixing NPH and regular

Answer 25

inject air N-->R | pull up R-->N

Question 26

S/s of hyperthyroidism

Answer 26

Weight loss, tachy, exophthalmos, restless, heat intolerance

Question 27

S/s of hypothyroidism

Answer 27

Weight gain, hypotension, cold intolerance, hair loss and dry skin

Question 28

Diet for hyperthyroidism

Answer 28

Too much fibre is bad | 4-5k in calories

Question 29

tx for losing parathyroid

Answer 29

calcium gluconate

Question 30

Diet for hyperthyroidism

Answer 30

4-5k calories | avoid high fibre diet

Question 31

What insulin types can you run through an IV?

Answer 31

ONLY Regular insulin "can be Run fast"

Question 32

What insulin can be IV push?

Answer 32

Regular

Question 33

Why can't NPH be on IV?

Answer 33

Cloudy, suspension... you could OD with IV

Question 34

Tx for diabetes insipidus

Answer 34

desmopressin

Question 35

What is sodium level in diabetes insipidous?

Answer 35

hypernatremia

Question 36

What is sodium level in SIADH?

Answer 36

hyponatremia