Endocrine anatomy Flashcards
(10 cards)
pituitary
- location
- connections
- divisions
found at the base of the brain, in the sphenoid bone, below the hypothalamus
connected to hypothalamus via infundibulum
anterior
posterior
hypothalamus
- function
- connections
lower part of diencephalon
receives afferent stimuli to replay information to alter hormonal secretions
communication with pituitary by hormonal secretion
hypothalamo-hypophysical tract
pathway connecting pituitary and hypothalamus
posterior pituitary to hypothalamus
- communication via neurons extending through the infundibulum
- neurohormones that pass along the neuronal tract
- hormones stored in pituitary released on signal from hypothalamus
hypothalamic-pituitary portal blood vessels
pathways connecting anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
forms direct communication pathway for hormonal signals from hypothalamus
anterior pituitary releases tropic hormones when signalled
thyroid gland
- related regulating hormones
- histology
- secretions
2 lobes connected by isthmus
regulated by TRH and TSH
contains many follicles lined by simple cuboidal epithelia
also contains parafollicular cells
releases T3 and T4 stored in the follicles
parafollicular cells release calcitonin
parathyroid glands
- components
- secretion
4 small glands
formed of:
parathyroid cells
oxyphil cells
releases parathyroid hormone (PTH)
suprarenal glands
- components
- secretions
formed of:
capsule
cortex
medulla
inner medulla = epinephrine/norepinephrine
outer cortex = steroid hormones
pancreas
- location
- endocrine secretion
- exocrine secretion
behind stomach, open to duodenum
acini cells produce pancreatic juice
pancreatic islets secrete glucagon. insulin and somatostatin
primary endocrine organ
organs/glands dedicated to only endocrine secretion
secondary endocrine organ
organs/glands dedicated to both endocrine and exocrine secretion
