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Exercise Phys > Endocrine and Immune Function with Exercise > Flashcards

Endocrine and Immune Function with Exercise Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main endocrine organs (6)

A
  1. Pituitary
  2. Thyroid
  3. Parathyroid
  4. Adrenal
  5. Pineal
  6. Thymus
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2
Q

What are other organs that contain some endocrine tissues (4)

A
  1. Pancreas
  2. Gonads (ovaries and testes)
  3. Hypothalamus
  4. Adipose tissue
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3
Q

What are the 2 categories of hormones

A
  1. Steroid derived

2. Amine and polypeptide hormones

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4
Q

What type of action is hormone circulates in the blood and affects tissues far from the gland

A

Endocrine action

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5
Q

What type of action is it when a hormone exerts a local effect in the region of synthesis

A

Paracrine action

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6
Q

What type of action do most hormones have

A

Endocrine action

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7
Q

True or False:

Hormone secretion usually adjusts rapidly to meet the demands of changing bodily conditions

A

True

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8
Q

What are the factors that determine the plasma concentration of a particular hormone (4)

A
  1. Quality and quantity synthesized in host gland
  2. Rate of either catabolism or secretion into the blood
  3. Quantity of transport protein present
  4. Plasma volume changes
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9
Q

What are the hormones released by the anterior pituitary that are affected by exercise (5)

A
  1. Growth Hormone
  2. Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
  3. Follicle Stimulating Hormone
  4. Luteinizing Hormone
  5. Testosterone
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10
Q

What is the hormone released by the posterior pituitary that is affected by exercise (1)

A
  1. Antidiuretic Hormone
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11
Q

What are the hormones released by the adrenal gland that are affected by exercise (3)

A
  1. Cortisol
  2. Epinephrine
  3. Norepinephrine
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12
Q

What are the hormones released by the pancreas that are affected by exercise (2)

A
  1. Insulin

2. Glucagon

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13
Q

What does GH promote

A

Cell division and cellular proliferation throughout the body (Meant for building)

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14
Q

What does GH slow the breakdown of

A

Carbohydrates

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15
Q

What does GH initiate subsequent mobilization and use of

A

Fat as energy

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16
Q

True or False:

Exercise extends GH’s action on target tissues

A

True

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17
Q

What does ADH increase (2)

A
  1. Contraction of smooth muscle

2. Reabsorption of water by the kidneys

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18
Q

True or False:

Exercise does not provide a potent stimulus for ADH secretion to help conserve body fluids

A

False

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19
Q

Why do we want increased ADH during exercise

A

To conserve water for exercise needs

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20
Q

Where is cortisol made

A

Adrenal cortex

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21
Q

Where are epinephrine and norepinephrine made

A

Adrenal medulla

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22
Q

What does cortisol do (4)

A
  1. Promotes protein breakdown
  2. Insulin antagonist
  3. Promotes triglycerol breakdown
  4. Suppresses immune function
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23
Q

What does epinephrine do (3)

A
  1. Increase cardiac output (Q)
  2. Increase blood sugar
  3. Increase glycogen breakdown
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24
Q

What odes norepinephrine do (1)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Constricts blood vessels
25
What is another name for epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenaline and Noradrenaline
26
When does norepinephrine increase markedly
During activities that exceed 50% VO2 Max
27
When does epinephrine stay constant
During activities under 60% VO2 Max
28
True or False: | Epinephrine is good for anaerobic exercise
True
29
True or False: | Epinephrine does not help with glycolysis
False
30
True or False: | Cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are big in fuel source regeneration
True
31
When is cortisol used anaerobic high intensity or aerobic low intensity exercises
Aerobic low intensity exercise
32
What does insulin do (3)
1. Store glycogen 2. Promotes glucose entry in cells 3. Helps with protein synthesis
33
What does glucagon do (3)
1. Increases blood glucose levels 2. Breakdown of glycogen and glucose 3. Mobilization of glycogen and glucose
34
What happens to [insulin] as [cortisol] increases
It should decrease
35
True or False: | Men and women had the same response to exercise when it came to epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin, and cortisol
True
36
Which hormone concentrations increased with exercise epinephrine, insulin, norepinephrine, or cortisol
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol
37
Which hormone concentrations decreased with exercise epinephrine, insulin, norepinephrine, or cortisol
Insulin
38
What happens to the magnitude of hormonal response to a standard exercise load with endurance training
It decreases
39
What accounts for the decrease in hormonal response due to endurance training (2)
1. Improved target tissue sensitivity | 2. Improved responsiveness to a given amount of hormone
40
Who has a greater hormonal response maximal exercise trained subjects or untrained subjects
Trained subjects
41
True or False: | Trained individuals release more hormones than untrained individuals
True
42
What is GH's response to endurance training
No effect on resting values, but less dramatic rise during exercise
43
What is cortisol's response to endurance training
Slight elevation during exercise
44
What is epinephrine and norepinephrine's response to endurance training
Decreased secretion at rest and at the same absolute exercise intensity after training
45
What is insulin's response to endurance training
Increased sensitivity to insulin; normal decrease in insulin during exercise is greatly reduced with training
46
What are the hormonal factors that are responsible for exercise induced changes in muscle size and function during resistance training (3)
1. Changes in hepatic and extra hepatic hormone clearance rates 2. Differential rates of hormone secretion 3. Altered receptor site activation via neurohumoral control
47
What are the 2 main hormones that affect adaptions to resistance training
1. GH | 2. Testosterone
48
Was there a difference in testosterone levels between 5 RM load with 3 min rest and 10 RM with 1 min rest before, during, or after exercise
Same before and after | Slight increase during for 10 RM with 1 min rest
49
Was there a difference in hGH levels between 5 RM load with 3 min rest and 10 RM with 1 min rest before, during, or after exercise
Same before | Increased during and after for 10 RM with 1 min rest
50
True or False: | The amount of white blood cells produced increases with exercise
True
51
True or False: | Exercise causes neutrophil production to mimic that of a person with infection
True
52
How does moderate exercise affect immune functions
It boosts natural immune functions and host defenses for up to several hours
53
How does exhaustive exercise affect immune functions
It severely depresses the body's first line of defense against infection
54
True or False: | As we age our ability to produce immune cells decreases
True
55
True or False: | There is never a point where exercise is bad for the immune system
False
56
True or False: | The appropriate dose of exercise is beneficial for the immune system
True
57
How does aerobic train affect natural immune function in young and old individuals and obese persons during weight loss
Positively
58
What are the positive effects seen with aerobic training (3)
1. Enhanced functional capacity of natural cytotoxic immune mechanisms 2. Diminished age related decrease in T-cell function 3. Diminished age related decrease in cytokine production
59
Motivation
Don't quit now you are almost home free!!!!!

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