Endocrine basics Flashcards Preview

Block 7 - Endocrine, Nutrition, Reproductive Health > Endocrine basics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Endocrine basics Deck (11)
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1
Q

Second messenger

A

An INTRACELLULAR chemical signaller (e.g. Ca, cAMP)

2
Q

cAMP

A

2 phosphates removed from ATP
A second messenger
Activates protein kinase

3
Q

Adenylate cyclase

A

An effector protein (needs a G-protein to activate it)

Effects production of cAMP from ATP

4
Q

Protein kinase

A

Protein kinase activates enzymes by phosphorylating them

kinases phosphorylate

5
Q

Calmodulin

A

A regulatory protein within a cell
Ca binds to it to activate it
In active form, it activates protein kinases

6
Q

Plasma binding proteins

A

What steroid and thyroid hormones bind to in the circulation

Prevents loss of hormones in kidneys during filtration

7
Q

Slow acting hormones

A

Thyroid hormones (amines), calcitriol, steroid hormones

8
Q

Fast acting hormones

A

Peptide hormones, catecholamines

9
Q

Glycolysis

A

Breakdown of glucose/glycogen into pyruvate (first step in energy release, makes 2 net ATP, only uses a small fraction of energy available in glucose)

10
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

Glycolysis in the absence of oxygen (makes 2 net ATP)

11
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

Glycolysis