Endocrine disease Flashcards
What is endocrine disease
Endocrine glands secrete hormones into blood which act on other organs. Diseases arise from excessive or insufficient levels of hormones.
What is the most common endocrine disease
Diabetes mellitus affects 7% of the uk population
What % of diabetes suffer from type 1
8%
What does type 1 diabetes cause
Weight loss, tiredness, polyuria, polydipsia (acute onset)
What % of people with diabetes have type 2
90%
What does type 2 diabetes cause
Increased weight (onset may be insidious and long term)
How do you diagnose diabetes
Using blood glucose levels
What blood tube do you use for glucose testing and why
The grey topped tube as it has fluoride which ingots metabolism of glucose by the blood cells.
What is the normal fasting plasma glucose level
Greater than or equal to 7 mmol/L
What is the normal random plasma glucose level
Greater than 11.1 mmol/L
Sometimes a glucose tolerance test is required, how is this done
- measure fasting plasma glucose
- give 75g of glucose orally
- measure plasma glucose after 2 hours
What is the difference of in glucose tolerance tests for normal and diabetes
Diabetes- has a high rise and slowly decreases
Normal- medium rise and quick decrease
What is insulin excess called
Insulinoma
How is insulin excess diagnosed
By prolonged fasting and measuring proinsulin, insulin and c-peptide when hypoglycaemic
What is hypothyroidism
Problem with thyroid gland itself
