Endocrine Disorders

Question 1

Inhibits growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer 1

Somatostatin

Question 2

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones

Answer 2

ACTH

Question 3

• Female: stimulates growth of ovarian follicle, ovulation
• Male: stimulates sperm production

Answer 3

FSH

Question 4

• Female: stimulates development of corpus luteum, release of
  oocyte, production of estrogen and progesterone
• Male: stimulates secretion of testosterone, development of
  interstitial tissue of testes

Answer 4

LH

Question 5

Prepares female breast for breast-feeding

Answer 5

Prolactin

Question 6

Increases water reabsorption by kidney

Answer 6

ADH

Question 7

• Increase sodium absorption
• potassium loss by kidney

Answer 7

Aldosterone

Question 8

decreases effects of stress.

Answer 8

Cortisol

Question 9

Increase the metabolic rate

Answer 9

T3 and T4

Question 10

Lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels

Answer 10

Calcitonin

Question 11

Regulates serum calcium

Answer 11

PTH

Question 12

Lowers blood glucose by facilitating glucose transport across cell membranes of muscle, liver, and adipose tissue

Answer 12

Insulin

Question 13

Increases blood glucose concentration by stimulation of glycogenolysis and glyconeogenesis

Answer 13

Glucagon

Question 14

Delays intestinal absorption of glucose

Answer 14

Somatostatin

Question 15

Activates renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system

Answer 15

Renin

Question 16

Affects development of female sex organs and secondary sex characteristics

Answer 16

Estrogen

Question 17

Influences menstrual cycle; stimulates growth of uterine wall; maintains pregnancy

Answer 17

Progesterone

Question 18

Affect development of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics; aid in sperm production

Answer 18

Testosterone

Question 19

is commonly referred to as the master gland because of the
influence it has on secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands

Answer 19

pituitary gland

Question 20

stimulated during pregnancy and at childbirth

Answer 20

Oxytocin

Question 21

controls the excretion of water by the kidney

Answer 21

Vasopressin

Question 22

group of symptoms produced by an oversecretion of ACTH.

Answer 22

Cushing Syndrome

Question 23

a disorder caused by an excess of GH in adults, results in enlargement of
peripheral body parts and soft tissue, after the fusion of the epiphyseal plates has occurred, without an increase in height.

Answer 23

Acromegaly

Question 24

surgical removal of the pituitary gland.

Answer 24

Hypophysectomy

Question 25

a deficiency of ADH (vasopressin)

Answer 25

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 26

a synthetic vasopressin without the vascular effects of natural ADH

Answer 26

Desmopressin

Question 27

excessive ADH secretion from the pituitary gland.

Answer 27

SIADH

Question 28

the largest endocrine gland—is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the lower neck, anterior to the trachea.

Answer 28

thyroid gland

Question 29

Thyroid hormone is comprised of _____ and ______

Answer 29

T3 , T4

Question 30

is essential to the thyroid gland for synthesis of its hormones

Answer 30

Iodine

Question 31

TSH controls the rate of thyroid hormone release through a

Answer 31

negative feedback mechanism

Question 32

is secreted in response to high plasma levels of calcium, and it reduces the plasma level of calcium by increasing its deposition in bone.

Answer 32

Calcitonin

Question 33

results from suboptimal levels of thyroid hormone

Answer 33

Hypothyroidism

Question 34

Hashimoto Disease

Answer 34

Hypothyroidism

Question 35

swelling of the face and swelling and thickening of skin anywhere on your body

Answer 35

Myxedema

Question 36

a decompensated state of severe hypothyroidism in which the patient is hypothermic and unconscious

Answer 36

Myxedema coma

Question 37

A form of thyrotoxicosis resulting from an excessive synthesis and secretion of endogenous or exogenous thyroid hormones by the thyroid

Answer 37

Hyperthyroidism

Question 38

Graves Disease

Answer 38

Hyperthyroidism

Question 39

Cold Intolerance as Hallmark

Answer 39

Hypothyroidism

Question 40

Heat Intolerance as Hallmark

Answer 40

Hyperthyroidism

Question 41

Severe hyperthyroidism

Answer 41

Thyroid Storm

Question 42

are situated in the neck and embedded in the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland

Answer 42

parathyroid glands

Question 43

Increase Parathormone

Answer 43

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 44

surgical removal of abnormal parathyroid tissue

Answer 44

parathyroidectomy

Question 45

can occur with extreme elevation of serum calcium levels.

Answer 45

Hypercalcemic Crisis

Question 46

inadequate secretion of parathormone

Answer 46

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 47

general muscle hypertonia, with tremor and spasmodic or uncoordinated contractions occurring with or without efforts to make voluntary movements.

Answer 47

tetany

Question 48

positive when a sharp tapping over the facial nerve just in front of the parotid gland and anterior to the ear causes spasm or twitching of the mouth, nose, and eye.

Answer 48

Chvostek sign

Question 49

positive when carpopedal spasm is induced by occluding the blood flow to the arm for 3 minutes with a blood pressure cuff

Answer 49

Trousseau sign

Question 50

functions as part of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 50

Adrenal Medulla

Question 51

adrenocortical secretions make it possible for the body to adapt to stress of all kinds

Answer 51

Adrenal Cortex

Question 52

Increased cortisol secretion results in elevated blood glucose levels

Answer 52

Glucocorticoids

Question 53

Decrease ACTH

Answer 53

Addison Disease

Question 54

i.e., hypotension, cyanosis, fever, nausea, vomiting, and signs of shock

Answer 54

Addisonian Crisis

Question 55

Increase ACTH

Answer 55

Cushing Syndrome

Question 56

“buffalo hump”, “moon-faced”

Answer 56

Cushing Syndrome

Question 57

Increase Aldosterone

Answer 57

Primary Aldosteronism

Question 58

are used extensively for adrenal insufficiency and in suppressing inflammation and autoimmune reactions, controlling allergic reactions, and reducing the rejection process in transplantation.

Answer 58

Corticosteroids