Fluids and Electrolytes

Question 1

The maintenance of the body’s internal environment within a narrow range of normal values

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

a solution of solvent and solute

Answer 2

Fluids

Question 3

a liquid substance where particles can be dissolved

Answer 3

Solvent

Question 4

a substance, either dissolved or suspended in a solution

Answer 4

Solute

Question 5

a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances of dissimilar molecular structure

Answer 5

Solution

Question 6

refers to any fluid produced by a living organism.

Answer 6

Body Fluids

Question 7

is the fluid within cells

Answer 7

intracellular fluid

Question 8

fluid outside the cells

Answer 8

extracellular fluid

Question 9

fluid component of the blood

Answer 9

plasma

Question 10

is part of the extracellular fluid (ECF) between the cells not in the
blood

Answer 10

interstitial

Question 11

refers to the concentration of particles in a solution

Answer 11

Tonicity

Question 12

Same as plasma

Answer 12

Isotonic

Question 13

have a lesser or lowers solute concentration than plasma

Answer 13

Hypotonic

Question 14

higher or greater concentration of solutes

Answer 14

Hypertonic

Question 15

the weight in grams of a substance producing an osmotic pressure of 22.4 atm. when dissolved in 1.0 litre of solution

Answer 15

Osmole

Question 16

the number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent

Answer 16

Osmolality

Question 17

the number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent

Answer 17

Osmolarity

Question 18

the number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent

Answer 18

Mole

Question 19

the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent

Answer 19

Molality

Question 20

is the number of moles of solute per litre of solution

Answer 20

Molarity

Question 21

This is the movement of water/liquid/solvent across a semi-permeable membrane from a lesserconcentration to a higher concentration

Answer 21

Osmosis

Question 22

The movement of particles/solutes/molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of a lower concentration

Answer 22

Diffusion

Question 23

“Brownian movement” or “downhill movement”

Answer 23

Diffusion

Question 24

This is the movement of BOTH solute and solvent together across a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure

Answer 24

Filtration

Question 25

Process where substances/solutes move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration with utilization of ENERGY

Answer 25

Active Transport

Question 26

“uphill movement”

Answer 26

Active Transport

Question 27

Energy is obtained directly from the breakdown of ATP

Answer 27

Primarily Active Transport

Question 28

Energy is derived secondarily from stored energy in the form of ionic concentration difference between two sides of the membrane.

Answer 28

Secondary Active Transport

Question 29

This system regulates sodium and water balance in the ECF

Answer 29

Renal Regulation (RAS)

Question 30

This is the loss of extra cellular fluid volume that exceeds the intake of fluid. The loss of water and electrolyte is in equal proportion.

Answer 30

Fluid Volume Deficit or Hypovolemia

Question 31

Refers to the isotonic expansion of the ECF caused by the abnormal retention of water and sodium

Answer 31

Fluid Volume Excess or Hypervolemia

Question 32

are charged ions capable of conducting electricity and are solutes found in all body compartments.

Answer 32

Electrolytes

Question 33

positively charged ions; examples are sodium, potassium, calcium

Answer 33

CATIONS

Question 34

negatively charged ions; examples are chloride and phosphates

Answer 34

ANIONS

Question 35

major ICF cation

Answer 35

potassium

Question 36

major ICF anion

Answer 36

phosphates

Question 37

major ECF cation

Answer 37

sodium

Question 38

major ECF anion

Answer 38

chloride

Question 39

Refers to a Sodium serum level of less than 135 mEq/L. This may result from excessive sodium lossor excessive water gain.

Answer 39

Sodium Deficit: Hyponatremia

Question 40

Serum Sodium level is higher than 145 mEq/L

Answer 40

Sodium Excess: Hypernatremia

Question 41

Condition when the serum concentration of potassium is less than 3.5 mEq/L

Answer 41

Potassium Deficit: Hypokalemia

Question 42

Serum potassium greater than 5.5 mEq/L

Answer 42

Potassium Excess: Hyperkalemia

Question 43

Present in both ICF and ECF

Answer 43

bicarbonates

Question 44

A base bicarbonate excess

Answer 44

A base bicarbonate excess

Question 45

A base bicarbonate deficit

Answer 45

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 46

A deficit of carbonic acid caused by hyperventilation

Answer 46

Respiratory Alkalosis