Endocrine Disorders And Drugs Flashcards
(25 cards)
Panhypopituitarism (children)
decrease in all anterior pituitary hormones causing pituitary dwarfism; proportionally small and no puberty; congenital or tumor
Adolescence with Low GH
treated with hGH; somatotropin issue, but normal sexual development
Somatomedin (IGF-1) associated Dwarfism
Laron: GH receptors in liver are defective and no IGFs produced
African Pygamy: lack rise in IGF during puberty
Panhypopituitarism (adults)
tumors or low blood flow; no growth issues with bones, but ACTH and thyroid missing can cause lethargy
Gigantism
adolescence; over activity of acidophils; hyperglycemia and diabetes are common symptoms because GH increases blood glucose
Acromegaly
occurs in adults; acidophilic tumor after puberty; no height increase, but bones become thicker, soft tissue and cartilage growth, cardiac hypertrophy, visual impairments, diabetes, and high glucose due to GH
Treatments for high amount of GH
inject somatostatin, resect the tumor, GH receptor antagonist, and dopamine in ELEVATED conditions ONLY or will increase GH
SIADH
increase in ADH; causes hypertension, edema, hypotonic conditions, and concentrated urine
Diabetes Insipidus
low ADH; causes low BP and blood plasma, hypernatremia in ECF, and dilute urine
Hyperthyroidism
high T3 and T4, but low TSH; causes muscle breakdown and diarrhea; increases PTH activity because Ca2+ is needed
Grave’s Disease
autoimmune disorder where TSI antibodies bind to TSH receptor to cause TSH to increase, therefore increasing T3 and T4 and the negative feedback causes a decrease in actual TSH, but the TSIs keep the thyroid hormones high. Form of hyperthyroidism
Thyroid Adenoma
secretes thyroid hormone (T3/T4) so TSH levels are low; cause of hyperthyroidism
Goiter (hyperthyroidism)
Enlarged thyroid due to an increase in T3 and T4 hormones; T3 and T4 have a trophic effect on the thyroid because they promote its growth
Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
heat intolerance, weight loss, increased excitability, muscle weakness, increased cardiovascular stimulation, fatigue but inability to sleep, exophthalmos (swelling of eye orbitals causing protrusion of the eyes)
Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism
radioimmunoassay measuring T3, increased BMR, TSH near zero, and immune system measurements
Treatment of Hyperthyroidism
resectomy of thyroid with hormone replacement therapy, although risk of thyroid storm, radioactive iodine, and antithyroid drugs
Thiocyanate, perchlorate, and nitrate inhibit transport of I
Propylthiouracil is a peroxidase inhibitor so I cannot attach to TG
Hasimoto’s
autoimmune destruction of thyroid leading to fibrosis and decrease in T3 and T4; form of hypothyroidism
Congenital Hypothyroidism
cretinism; defective thyroid or pituitary; low T3 and T4 synthesis; neurological symptoms as well
I deficiency
endemic called goiter; high TSH stimulates TG secretion into follicles; hypothyroidism
Idiopathic Colloid Goiter
normal I levels, but issues with enzymes in follicle; form of hypothyroidism
Antithyroid Compounds
in foods; thiocyanate and propylthiouracil in broccoli, brussel sprouts, etc.
Hypothyroidism Symptoms
cold intolerance, weight gain, fatigue with excessive sleep, high cholesterol causing atherosclerosis, low HR and CO, myxedema (bags under the eyes and facial swelling due to increased interstitial fluid)
Hypothyroidism Diagnosis
radioimmunoassay of T3 in plasma, low BMR, and high TSH
Hypothyroidism Treatment
T4 hormone replacement therapy, which is extremely effective
