Endocrine/DM/Thyroid Flashcards
discrete erythematous plaques on the pretibial areas of her legs. The lesions have increased in size, become darker, and are painful. She is concerned because the centers of the lesions have become ulcerated. This patient should be screened for which of the following?
skin lesions is characteristic of necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, one of the dermatologic manifestations of diabetes mellitus.
nontender, yellow patches on both eyelids. He states his brother and uncle have similar growths. He denies any visual changes or other complaints. Your primary suspicion is
hyperlipidemia
Xanthelasmas, along with xanthomas, are common findings in familial hypercholesterolemia.
A patient complains of fatigue, tremors, palpitations, and heat intolerance. The thyroid is diffusely enlarged and firm on palpation. Which of the following laboratory findings is the most consistent with this presentation?
Low TSH. The presentation is consistent with hyperthyroidism. Laboratory findings include low TSH, elevated free and total thyroid hormone levels, and an increased uptake on radionuclide scan. There may also be elevated bilirubin, liver thrombocytopenia.
A 30 year-old female complains of fatigue, weakness, diminished appetite, weight loss, and syncope. She denies fever, chest or abdominal pain, palpitations, changes in bowel patterns or sleep patterns. Physical examination reveals a thin female, BP 90/65 mmHg, and pulse 80 beats per minute. Pulmonary, cardiovascular, abdominal, and neurologic exam are without abnormalities. Areas of brown and bronze hyperpigmentation are noted 39 on her elbows and the creases of her hands. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Addison’s disease (adrenal insufficiency) would account for all her symptoms, the hypotension, and the hyperpigmentation of the skin.
A 72 year-old female is being evaluated for recurrent kidney stones. Physical examination reveals no abnormal findings. Laboratory findings show elevated calcium and decreased phosphate levels. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
The majority of patients with hyperparathyroidism are asymptomatic. Recurrent nephrolithiasis may be one of the presentations of primary hyperparathyroidism. Measurement of parathyroid levels would be the initial laboratory test for the evaluation of hypercalcemia.
Radioactive iodine is most successful in treating hyperthyroidism that results from
Radioactive iodine is an excellent method to destroy overactive thyroid tissue of Grave’s disease
A newborn infant exhibits prolonged jaundice, feeding problems, hypotonia, and an enlarged tongue. Proper treatment in this infant would consist of which of the following?
Thyroid hormone replacement. This scenario is consistent with congenital hypothyroidism. Measurement of TSH or T4 would confirm this and T4 should be given.
A deficiency in vitamin B6 may lead to ? but would not account for or any of the other signs.
glossitis
Which of the following glucose-lowering agents act by delaying glucose absorption
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, such as acarbose, reduce glucose by delaying glucose absorption
A 44 year-old female presents for follow-up results of her lipid profile. She is asymptomatic and has a past medical history of hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine and hypertension controlled with atenolol (Tenormin). She drinks an average of 6 alcoholic beverages a day and smokes 1 pack per day for the last 32 years. Her family history is unremarkable for premature coronary artery disease. Her fasting blood glucose is 98 mg/dL, total cholesterol is 198 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol is 132 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol is 56 mg/dL and triglycerides of 90 mg/dL. Excluding LDL cholesterol levels, how many major risk factors for coronary artery disease does this female possess?
2.
This patient’s major cardiac risk factors are smoking and hypertension in addition to the elevated LDL cholesterol.
ACTH is adrenocorticotropin hormone and comes from the pituitary gland. It is responsible for the production of glucocorticoids within the adrenal gland.
ACTH
PTH is parathyroid hormone and comes from the parathyroid glands. It is responsible in making calcitriol which is needed for calcium absorption in the gut. Under normal renal function, 25-hydroxyvitamin D is converted to 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D in the distal convoluted tubule.
PTH
Acute adrenal insufficiency is characterized by which of the following laboratory abnormalities?
Question 34 Explanation: Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia characterize acute adrenal insufficiency.
