ENDOCRINE EMERGENCIES

Question 1

DKA is complication of what type of DM?

Answer 1

type 1

Question 2

what is present in DKA that is not present in HHS?

Answer 2

ketones

Question 3

byproduct of fats is

Answer 3

ketones

Question 4

why is ketones dangerous?

Answer 4

because it can make the blood acidic that can cross the BBB

Question 5

pathophysio of DKA

Answer 5

liver uses fat as source of energy which causes ketones

Question 6

a serious metabolic complication of diabetes mellitus type 2

Answer 6

hyperglycemic hyperosmotic syndrome

Question 7

former name of HHS

Answer 7

HHNK - hyperglycemic hyperosmotic non-ketotic

Question 8

onset of DKA

Answer 8

sudden

Question 9

onset of HHS

Answer 9

gradual

Question 10

triggers for DKA

Answer 10

infection
other stressors
inadequate/incompliance with insulin therapy

Question 11

triggers for HHS

Answer 11

infection
other stressors
dehydration

Question 12

manifestations of DKA

Answer 12

ketosis
kussmaul’s respirations
fruity breath
nausea
abdominal pain

Question 13

manifestations of HHS mainly due to cerebral edema

Answer 13

neuro symptoms

Question 14

which complication of DM is more dehydrated?

Answer 14

HHS

Question 15

serum pH of DKA

Answer 15

acidic - less than 7.35

Question 16

serum pH of HHS

Answer 16

alkaline - greater than 7.4

Question 17

why does BUN and crea increases during DKA or HHS?

Answer 17

due to dehydration

Question 18

can high fat foods be given during hypoglycemia?

Answer 18

no, slow digestion/absorption

Question 19

drug class that causes hypoglycemia

Answer 19

beta blockers

Question 20

myxedema coma is a complication of what disease?

Answer 20

hypothyroidism

Question 21

autoimmune disease that cause hypothyroidism

Answer 21

hashimoto’s disease

Question 22

hypothyroidism in children

Answer 22

cretinism

Question 23

hypothyroidism in adult

Answer 23

myxedema

Question 24

rare but serious disorder results from persistently low thyroid production

Answer 24

myxedema coma

Question 25

hallmark of hypothyroidism

Answer 25

cold intolerance

Question 26

priority in myxedema coma

Answer 26

airway

Question 27

acute and life-threatening condition in clients with uncontrollable hyperthyroidism

Answer 27

thyroid storm

Question 28

if px with hyperthyroidism has goiter, can we perform surgery?

Answer 28

yes, administer lugol's solution prior to surgery to normalize t3 and t4

Question 29

how many days can t3 and t4 normalize after lugol's solution?

Answer 29

7 days

Question 30

priority in hyperthyroidism

Answer 30

airway

Question 31

antithyroid medications for thyroid storm

Answer 31

PTU

Question 32

why is high dose iodides recommended for thyroid storm?

Answer 32

to trigger negative feedback mechanism