PULMONARY EMERGENCIES

Question 1

thrombotic or non-thrombotic embolus that lodges in the pulmonary artery system

Answer 1

pulmonary embolism

Question 2

what are the non-thrombotic embolus that can lodge in the pulmonary artery system?

Answer 2

fat
plaque
air
amniotic fluid

Question 3

how does PE damages the lungs?

Answer 3

embolus restricts blood flow to the lungs

Question 4

what are the s/sx present in virchow’s triad?

Answer 4

endothelial injury
stasis of blood
hypercoagulability

Question 5

what are conditions that can trigger PE?

Answer 5

injury to BV
immobility
DVT
surgery

Question 6

why is chest pain present in PE?

Answer 6

there is low O2 in the lungs

Question 7

why is tachycardia and tachypnea present in PE?

Answer 7

acts as compensatory mechanism to increase blood flow to increase oxygen in the lungs

Question 8

why is there anxiety, restlessness in PE?

Answer 8

low O2 in brain

Question 9

why is there clammy or bluish skin in PE?

Answer 9

skin is giving up blood supply to supply vital organs

Question 10

what part of the body is the first to give out blood supply and what is the manifestation?

Answer 10

skin - pallor, cyanosis, cold, clammy skin

Question 11

what part of the body is the second to give out blood supply and what is the manifestation?

Answer 11

GIT - constipation

Question 12

what part of the body is the third to give out blood supply and what is the manifestation?

Answer 12

kidneys - oliguria/anuria

Question 13

what part of the body is the fourth to give out blood supply and what is the manifestation?

Answer 13

heart - chest pain (?)

Question 14

what part of the body is the last to give out blood supply and what is the manifestation?

Answer 14

brain - altered LOC (?)

Question 15

most definitive dx test for PE

Answer 15

x-ray

Question 16

what can be seen in the CXR in PE?

Answer 16

white strictures in part of the lung

Question 17

what should you do first before getting ABG?

Answer 17

allen’s test

Question 18

what does d-dimer test detct?

Answer 18

clot fragments

Question 19

why do we perform ECG in PE?

Answer 19

to rule out MI

Question 20

priority nursing intervention for PE

Answer 20

oxygenation

Question 21

why is heparin therapy being administered to PE patients?

Answer 21

to prevent additional clot formation

Question 22

surgery for PE

Answer 22

umbrella filter - to get the clot
pulmonary embolectomy - remove embolus

Question 23

how to prevent DVT?

Answer 23

early ambulation
walking
compression stockings

Question 24

a syndrome with inflammation and increased permeability of the alveolocapillary membrane

Answer 24

acute respiratory distress syndrome

Question 25

ARDS is fatal if left untreated for how many hrs?

Answer 25

48 hrs

Question 26

ARDS can be caused by two reasons injuring the lungs

Answer 26

indirect direct

Question 27

this phase in ARDS occurs 24hrs after the injury

Answer 27

exudative phase

Question 28

hallmark or exudative phase

Answer 28

hypoxemia

Question 29

this phase in ARDS occurs 2 weeks after the injury

Answer 29

proliferative phase

Question 30

this phase in ARDS occurs 3 weeks after the injury

Answer 30

fibrotic phase

Question 31

why is there hyperventilation in ARDS?

Answer 31

to remove CO2

Question 32

what is hypoxemia?

Answer 32

low O2 in blood

Question 33

BP's function

Answer 33

tissue perfusion

Question 34

hallmark of ARDS

Answer 34

white out lungs

Question 35

most definitive dx test for ARDS

Answer 35

CXR

Question 36

priority management in ARDS

Answer 36

oxygenation

Question 37

why do we give corticosteroids in ARDS?

Answer 37

to reduce inflammation

Question 38

what is the first thing to give during hypotension?

Answer 38

fluids

Question 39

why do we give fluids first to improve tissue perfusion?

Answer 39

inc. BV - inc. preload - inc. CO - inc. BP BP = HR X SV X TPR

Question 40

rationale for enteral feedings in ARDS

Answer 40

per orem increases risk of aspiration since px has DOB