Endocrine Exams Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the normal size of an adult thyroid gland?
Approximately 4-6 cm in length.
What does a bruit indicate when auscultating the thyroid?
Increased vascularity, often associated with hyperthyroidism.
What is a common sign of hypothyroidism that can be observed during inspection?
Puffy face or myxedema.
What maneuver can help in palpating the thyroid gland more effectively?
Have the patient swallow.
What is the significance of a firm thyroid gland during palpation?
It may indicate thyroiditis or malignancy.
During auscultation, what characteristic sound would suggest a thyroid nodule?
A localized bruit.
What should be noted if a patient has a midline neck mass?
It may indicate a thyroglossal duct cyst or goiter.
What is the clinical significance of a multinodular goiter?
It may have a higher risk of malignancy compared to a solitary nodule.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following findings is associated with hyperthyroidism? A) Weight gain B) Heat intolerance C) Depression D) Cold intolerance
B) Heat intolerance.
General Inspection of Appearance and behaviour for Thyroid Exam:
- anxious
- fidgety
- slow responses
- signs of low mood- speech/ affect
- are they overly/ underly dressed
General Inspection of Skin and Hair for Thyroid Exam:
- increased sweating
- dry skin
- thinning/ loss of the outer eyebrows
Eyes for Thyroid Exam:
- protrusion
- lid retraction
- exophthalmos
- lid lag
- extraocular movements
Hands for Thyroid Exam:
- temperature
- moisture
- color
- nail changes
- tremor
- radial pulses
- Upper limb Strength
- reflexes
Legs for Thyroid examination
- lower limb strength
- reflexes
- pretibial myxedema
Inspection of thyroid gland
- Look from the front
- masses?
- ask them to swallow water when looking
- any tongue protrustion
Palpation of the Thyroid Gland:
- Tracheal deviation
- From behind with patients chin depressed
- Locate isthmus and palpate thyroid
- also swallow wate rwhilst palpation
- if Goitre noted comment on- size, shape, site, consistency, mobile, tender, margins
Percussion of Thyroid Gland:
- inferior to sternal notch
Ascultate of thyroid gland
- Bruit with the bell
What to Include In introduction when doing a Diabetic Foot Examination:
- expose knees down
- supine
- “any recent trauma”
- “any changes to sensations”
- “any pain in lower limbs”
- “How is your sugar levels managed at the moment”
General Inspection of Diabetic Foot Exam:
- assess gait
- Charcot’s foot ???
- Footwear
- Inspect from Knees to foot and plantar an between toes:
- swelling
- Discoloration
- ulcers
- nail disease
- wounds taking long to heal - Inspect plantar of foot:
- skin changes
- ulcers
- callouses
What are we palpating for in a Diabetic Foot Examination:
- Temperature from knee to foot b/l
- Pulses
- Dorsalis pedis
- Posterior tibialis
- Popliteal pulse
How are we assessing the Sensation in a Diabetic Foot Exam?
Monofilament sensation with eyes closed
* sternum to demonstrate
* 123, 456, 78, 9
* press and slightly bend
Vibration sensation
* 128hz
* medial malleolus
* hallux DIP
Propiception
Reflexes for Diabetic Foot Exam:
- ankle jerk reflex
