Endocrine Hormones

Question 1

Hypothalamus hormones

Answer 1

releasing and inhibiting factors (peptides)

Question 2

releasing and inhibiting factors

Answer 2

Gland: hypothalamus
Class: peptides
Target: anterior pituitary
Effect: modify activity

Question 3

Anterior Pituitary hormones

Answer 3

Growth hormone (GH)
prolactin
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 4

growth hormone (GH)

Answer 4

Gland: anterior pituitary
Class: peptide
Target: 
Effect: increase bone and muscle growth,
increase cell turnover rate

Question 5

prolactin

Answer 5

Gland: anterior pituitary
Class: peptide
Target: mammary gland
Effect: milk production

Question 6

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 6

Gland: anterior pituitary (tropic)
Class: peptide
Target: thyroid
Effect: increase synthesis and release of TH

Question 7

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 7

Gland: anterior pituitary (tropic)
Class: peptide
Target: adrenal gland cortex
Effect: increase growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex

Question 8

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 8

Gland: anterior pituitary (gonadotropic)
Class: peptide
Target: ovary/testes
Effect: ovulation/testosterone synthesis

Question 9

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 9

Gland: anterior pituitary (gonadotropic)
Class: peptide
Target: ovary/testes
Effect: follicle development/spermatogenesis

Question 10

Posterior Pituitary hormones

Answer 10

antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)
oxytocin

Question 11

antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)

Answer 11

Gland: posterior pituitary
Class: peptide
Target: kidney
Effect: water retention

Question 12

oxytocin

Answer 12

Gland: posterior pituitary
Class: peptide
Target: breast/uterus
Effect: milk production/contraction

Question 13

Thryoid hormones

Answer 13

thyroid hormone (TH, thyroxine)
calcitonin

Question 14

thyroid hormone (TH, thyroxine)

Answer 14

Gland: thyroid
Class: modified amino acid
Target:
Effect:
-child: necessary for physical and mental development
-adult: increase metabolic rate and temperature

Question 15

calcitonin

Answer 15

Gland: throid C cells
Class: peptide
Target: bone, kidney
Effect: lowers serum [Ca2+]

Question 16

Parathyroids hormone

Answer 16

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 17

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 17

Gland: parathyroids
Class: peptide
Target: bone, kidney, small intestine
Effect: raises serum [Ca2+]

Question 18

Thymus hormones

Answer 18

thymosin (children only)

Question 19

thymosin

Answer 19

children only
Gland: thymus
Class: peptide
Target: 
Effect: T cell development during childhood

Question 20

adrenal medulla hormone

Answer 20

epinephrine

Question 21

ephinephrine

Answer 21

Gland: adrenal medulla
Class: modified amino acid
Target:
Effect: sympathetic stress response (rapid)

Question 22

Adrenal Cortex hormones

Answer 22

cortisol (“glucocorticoid”)
aldosterone (“mineralcoirticoid”)
sex steroids

Question 23

cortisol (“glucocorticoid”)

Answer 23

Gland: adrenal cortex
Class: steroid
Target: 
Effect: 
-longer-term stress response
-raises blood [glucose]
-increases protein catabolism
-decreases inflammation and immunity
-many others

Question 24

aldosterone (“mineralcorticoid”)

Answer 24

Gland: adrenal cortex
Class: steroid
Target: kidney
Effect: increase Na+ absorption to raise blood pressure

Question 25

sex steroids

Answer 25

Gland: adrenal cortex Class: steroid Target: Effect: not normally important but an adrenal tumor can overproduce these, causing masculinization or feminization

Question 26

Endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans) hormones

Answer 26

insulin ( beta cells secrete) glucagon (alpha cells secrete) somatostatin (SS-- delta cells secrete)

Question 27

insulin

Answer 27

beta cells secrete -absent of ineffective in diabetes mellitus ``` Gland: endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans) Class: peptide Target: Effect: -lowers blood glucose -increases glycogen and fat storage ```

Question 28

glucagon

Answer 28

alpha cells secrete ``` Gland: endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans) Class: peptide Target: Effect: -increase blood glucose -decrease glycogen and fat storage ```

Question 29

somatostatin (SS)

Answer 29

delta cells secrete Gland: endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans) Class: peptide Target: inhibits many digestive processes Effect:

Question 30

Testes hormones

Answer 30

testosterone

Question 31

testosterone

Answer 31

Gland: testes Class: steroid Target: Effect: male characteristics, spermatogenesis

Question 32

Ovaries/placenta hormones

Answer 32

estrogen | progesterone

Question 33

estrogen

Answer 33

Gland: ovaries/placenta Class: steroid Target: Effect: female characteristics, endometrial growth

Question 34

progesterone

Answer 34

Gland: ovaries/placenta Class: steroid Target: Effect: endometrial secretion, pregnancy

Question 35

Heart hormones

Answer 35

atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

Question 36

atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

Answer 36

Gland: heart Class: peptide Target: kidney Effect: increase urination to lower blood pressure

Question 37

Kidney hormones

Answer 37

erythropioetin

Question 38

erythropioetin

Answer 38

Gland: kidney Class: peptide Target: bone marrow Effect: increase RBC synthesis