Psychological Disorders Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
- Anxiety Disorders
A
characterized by excessive fear (of specific real things or more generally) and/or anxiety (of real or imagined future things or events) with both physiological and psychological symptoms
2
Q
Examples of anixety disorders
A
- separation anxiety disorder
- specific phobias
- social anxiety disorder
- panic disorder
- generalized anxiety disorder
3
Q
panic disorder
A
type of anxiety disorder
- has had 1+ panic attack and is worried about having another panic attack
- can be cued or spontaneous
4
Q
panic attack
A
- experiences dread
- SOB
- chest pain
- chocking sensation
- cardiac symptoms
-usually <30min
5
Q
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
A
- type of anxiety disorder
- feels tense or anxious about many things often
- no panic attacks
- may include restlessness, tiring easily, poor concentration, irritability, muscle tension, insomnia
6
Q
Specific phobia
A
type of anxiety disorder
- persistent, strong, unreasonable fear of a certain object or situation
- involves avoidance
- 4 types: situational, natural environment, blood-injection-injury, animal
7
Q
social anxiety disorder aka social phobia
A
unreasonable, paralyzing fear of feeling embarassed or humiliated while one is seen or watched by others, even while performing routine activities
-involves avoidance
8
Q
- Obsessive-Compulsive and related disorders
A
- involve a pattern of obsessive thoughts or urges that are coupled with maladaptive behavioral compulsions
- the compulsions are experienced as necessary/urgent response to the obsessive thoughts/urges, creating rigid, anxiety-filled routines
9
Q
examples of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
A
- obsessive-compulsive disorder
- body dysmorphic disorder
- hoarding disorder
10
Q
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
A
example of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
-has obsessions, compulsions, or both
11
Q
obsessions
A
repeated, intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts or impulses that cause distress or anxiety
12
Q
compulsions
A
repeated physical or mental behaviors that are performing in response to an obsession or in accordance with a set of strict rules, in order to reduce distress or prevent something dreaded from happening
13
Q
- Trauma- and stressor-related disorders
A
Traumas and stressors are central
- involve unhealthy or pathological responses to one or more harmful/life-threatening events, or witnessing such an event
- symptoms include anxiety, depression, depersonalization, nightmares, insomnia, and/or heightened startle response
14
Q
examples of trama and stressor related disorders
A
- posttraumatic stress disorder
- acute stress disorder
- adjustment disorders
15
Q
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
A
-arises when person feel sintense fear, horror, or helplessness while experiencing, witnessing, or otherwise confrontingan extremely traumatic event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury to the self or others
symptoms:
- relived experience
- mental/physical distress
- hyperaroused
- avoid reminders of trauma
16
Q
acute stress disorder
A
similar to PTSD but lasts for less than a month
17
Q
adjustment disorder
A
less severe and shorter-term version of PTSD
- involves stressor instead of trauma
- symptoms last less than 6 months once stressor is removed
18
Q
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
A
characterized by symptoms that cannot be explained by a medical condition or substance use, and are not attributed to another psychological disorder, but that nonetheless cause emotional distress
-characterized by distress and decreased functioning with no pathophysiological cause
19
Q
examples of somatic symptom and related disorders
A
- somatic symptom disorder
- illness anxiety disorder
- conversion disorder
- factitious disorder (imposed on self or another)
20
Q
somatic symptom disorder
A
- 1+ somatic symptoms
- diagnosis requires evidence of reduced functioning due to excessive preoccupation with and/or anxiety about the symptoms
21
Q
Illness anxiety disorder
A
- predominantly psychological distress
- precccupation with both health condition and health-related behaviors
22
Q
conversion disorder
A
experiences a change in sensory or motor function that has no discernible physical or physiological cause and that seems to be significantly affected by psychological factors
-emotion/anxiety converted into a physical symptom
23
Q
factitious disorder (“Munchhausen Syndrome”)
A
-person has fabricated illness with either falsifying evidence or symptoms of the illness of inflicting harm to induce injury or illness
24
Q
- Bipolar and related disorders
A
- separate now from Mood disorders
- involve mood swings or cycles (episodes), ranging from manic to depressive
- -maniac episodes tend to be followed by depressive episodes and vice versa
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examples of bipolar and related disorders
- Bipolar I disorder
- bipolar II disorder
- cyclothymic disorder
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bipolar disorder (formerly manic depression)
experience cyclic mood episodes at one or both extremes: depressions and mania
27
maniac episode
Duration- at least one week, nearly every day
Mood- elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
Self-image- inflated, grandiose
Appetite/weight- may show diminished appetitie or interest in food
Sleep need- decreased
Cognition- flight of ideas or racing thoughts; distractibility
Speech- rapid, pressured
Energy/behavior- increased energy and goal-directed activity and/or psychomotor agitation
Judgment- lack of consequential thinking
Impairment to functioning- severe, marked impairment; may require hospitalizationo (to prevent harm to self or others); may include psychotic features
28
hypomanic episode
Duration- at least four consecutive days
Mood- elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
Self-image- inflated, grandiose
Appetite/weight- may show diminished appetitie or interest in food
Sleep need- decreased
Cognition- flight of ideas or racing thoughts; distractibility
Speech- rapid, pressured
Energy/behavior- increased energy and goal-directed activity and/or psychomotor agitation
Judgment- lack of consequential thinking
Impairment to functioning- unequivocal, observable change that is not typical of the individual; not severe enough to cause marked impairmment or necessitate hospitalization
29
Major Depressive Episode
Duration- 2+ weeks
Mood- depressed, diminished interest or pleasure in almost all activities
Self-image- feelings of worthlessness or excessivee guilt
Appetite/weight- increase or decrease in body weight 5+% in a month
Sleep need- insomnia or hypersomnia
Cognition- diminished ability to think or concentrate; recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
Speech- may manifest muted or flat affect aspect in speech
Energy/behavior- fatigue or loss of energy; psychomotor agitation or retardation
Judgment- may include suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide
Impairment to functioning- clinically significant distress or marked impairment in one or more areas of functioning
30
Dysthmic syndrome
Duration- at least 2 years
Mood- depressed; general feeling of sadness; feelings of hopelessness
Self-image- low self-esteem
Appetite/weight- poor appetite or overeating
Sleep need- insomnia or hypersomnia
Cognition- poor concentration
Speech- self-deprecation and expressed sense of futility are common
Energy/behavior- low energy or fatigue
Judgment- difficulty making decisions
Impairment to functioning- clinically significant distress or marked impairment in one or more areas of functioning
31
Bipolar I disorder
- experienced 1+ manic or mixed episode
- spontaneous manic episode not cuased by treatment or medical condition --> may swing to depressed/dysthymic/no depressive episode
32
Bipolar II disorder
cyclic moods with 1+ major depressive disorder and one hypomanic episode
-need both types of episodes
33
Cyclothymic disorder
similar to bipolar disorder but with less severe moods
34
6. Depressive disorders
characterized by a disturbance in mood of affect
-specific symptoms include: difficulties in sleep, concentration, and/or appetite;
fatigue; and
inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia)
35
examples of depressive disorders
- major depressive disorder
- persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
- premenstrual dysphoric disorder
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major depressive disorder (MDD)
1+ major depressive episodes
37
persistnet depressive disorder (PDD; Dysthymia/dysthymic disorder)
less intense but typically more chronic form of depression
- experience milder symptoms for most days for 2+ yearsm, with symptoms never absent for more than 2 months
- no major depressive episode
38
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
symptoms of major depressive disorder
- intensify week before onset of meses and disappear week after menses end
- specific symptoms:
- -feeling keyed up/on edge
- -food cravings
- -overwhelming or out of control feeling
- -tenderness or swelling in the breasts, joint/muscle pain, and bloating
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7. Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders
Psychotic disorders are characterized by a general "loss of contact with reality"
--can include "positive" symptoms (ie delusions, hallucinations) or "negative" symptoms like flattened affect (ie monotone vocal expression
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examples of psychotic disorders
- delusional disorder
- brief psychotic disorder
- schizophreniform disorder
- schizophrenia
- schizoaffective disorder
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Delusional Disorder
1+ delusions have been present for 1+ month and counterevidence is generally denied
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erotomania
ex. of delusional disorder
| belief that someone is in love with you
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grandiosity
ex. of delusional disorder
| belief that you have a special talent or insight
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persecution
ex. of delusional disorder
| belief that you are being followed, drugged, harrassed, etc.
45
persecution
ex. of delusional disorder
| belief that you are being followed, drugged, harrassed, etc.
46
Brief Psychotic Disorder
positive symptoms present for 1+ day but less than 1 month, and no negative symptoms
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positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior
48
negative symptoms
decrease or lack of a typical behavior or other characteristic
- decreased emotional expression (flat affect)
- avolition (lack of motivation)
- alogia (decreased/absent speech)
49
schizophreniform disorder
1+ positive symptom, can have 1+ negative symptom
- between 1-6 months
- remissioin possible
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schizophrenia
positive and negative symptoms for 6+ months
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schizoaffective disorder
combines mood and psychotic symptoms
| -symptoms of schizophrenia and a major depressive/manic/mixed episode for 1+ month
52
8. Dissociative Disorders
characterized by disruptions in memory, awareness, identity, or perception
-many are thought to be caused by psychological trauma
53
examples of dissociative disorders
- dissociative identity disorder
- dissociative amnesia
- depersonalization/derealization disorder
54
dissociative identity disorder
2+ distinct personality states/idenities
55
dissociative amnesia
1+ episode (dissociative fugue) of forgetting some important personal information
-can be selective, generalized, continuous, systematized
56
Depersonalization disorder
recurring or persistent feeling of being cut off or detached from his or her body or mental processes, as if observing from the outside
57
derealization disorder
feeling that people or objects in the extrernal world are unreal
58
9. Personality Disorders
characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior and cognition that depart from social norms, present across a variety of contexts, and cause significant dysfunction and distress
-pattern permeate the broader personality of the person and typically solidify during late adolescence or early adulthood
59
example of personality disorders
Cluster A:
- paranoid personality disorder
- schizoid personality disorder
- schizotypal personality disorder
Cluster B:
- antisocial personality disorder
- borderline personality disorder
- histronic personality disorder
- narcissitic personality disorder
Cluster C:
- avoidant personality disorder
- dependent personality disorder
- obsessive-compulsive disorder
60
Cluster A
- traits: irrational, withdrawn, cold, suspicious
| - personality disorders: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
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Cluster B
- traits: emotional, dramatic, attention-seeking, intense
| - personality disorders: antisocial, boderline, histronic, narcissistic
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Cluster C
- traits: tense, anxious, over-controlled
| - personality disorders: avoidant, dependent, obessive-compulsive
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paranoid personality disorder
mistrusts and misinterprets others' motives and actions without sufficient cause
-tends to be guarded, tense, self-sufficient
64
schizoid personality disorder
loner with little interest or involvement in close relationships, even those with family members
-unaffected emotionally be interactions with other people
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schizotypal personality disorder
several traits that cause problems interpersonally, included limited or inappropriate affect
- magical or paranoid thinking
- odd beliefs, behavior, apprearance, perceptions
- family only confidantes
-many cases develop schizophrenia
66
antisocial personality disorder
history of serious behavior problems as a young teen
--includes harming others/animals; theft; destruction; rule violation
-more common in men
67
borderline personality disorder
suffers enduring or recurrent instability in impulse control, mood, and image of self/others
- impulsive, reckless + reactivity --> unstable relationships
- afraid of abandonment
-more common in women
68
histronic personality disorder
desires to be center of attention
- seeks attention through appearance and seductive behavior
- dramatic, but emotions are shallow
69
narcissistic personality disorder
feel grandiose self-importance, with fantasies of beauty, brilliance, and power
- need admiration; feel envy
- lack empathy
70
avoidant personality disorder
feels inadequate, inferior, undesirable
-preoccupied with fears of criticism and conflict
- ashamed
- avoids interpersonal contact and new activities unless certain of being liked
- restrained/inhibited in relationships
71
dependent personality disorder
feels need to be taken care of and unrealistic fear of being unable to take care of self
- trouble assuming responsibility and making decisions
- clingy, submissive, afraid to express disagreement
72
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)
no true obsessions/compulsions
-accumulate money or worthless objects
- perfectionist, rigid, stubborn, need control interpersonally and mentally
- often workaholic and moralistic beyond normal
73
(10.) Feeding and Eating Disorders
characterized by disruptive emotional and behavioral patterns around feeding and/or eating that negatively impact physical and mental health
74
examples of feeding and eating disorders
anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa
binge-eating disorder
75
(11.) Neurocognitive disorders
characterized by cognitive abnormalities or general decline in memory, problem solving, and/or perception
76
examples of neurocognitive disorders
- major and minor neurocognitive disorders (MMND)
- MMND due to Alzheimer's Disease
- MMND due to Parkinson's Disease
- Major or mild vascular neurocognitive disorder
77
(12.) Sleep-wake disorders
characterized by excessive or deficient sleep patterns, abnormalitices in circadian rhythm, and/or interruptions to normal sleep
78
examples of sleep-wake disorders
- insomnia disorder
- hypersomnia disorder
- narcolepsy
- breathing-relating sleep disorders (including various apneas)
- parasomnias (ie somnambulism/sleep-walking)
79
Substance-related and addictive disorders
characterized by psychological and/or physiological dependence on or addiction to 1+ substances and behaviors
symptoms:
- tolerance
- withdrawl
80
examples of substance-related and addictive disorders
- substance related disorders
- alcohol related disorders
- tobacco related disorders
- gambling disorder
