Endocrine, Immune and CNS Conditions

Question 1

______ secretes hormones that are essential to all growth and metabolism

Answer 1

thyroid

Question 2

true or false: the stomach is a regulator of all body functions

Answer 2

false: the thyroid gland is a regulator of all body function

Question 3

are thyroid disorders more common in men or women

Answer 3

women

Question 4

hypothyroid vs. hyperthyroid

Answer 4

hypothyroid - underactive thyroid

hyperthyroid - overactive thyroid

Question 5

hypothyroidism

Answer 5

weak slow heart beat, muscular weakness and constant fatigue, sensitive to cold, thick puffy skin, slowed mental processes and poor memory, constipation, goiter

Question 6

hyperthyroidism

Answer 6

rapid forceful heartbeat, tremor, muscular weakness, weight loss in spite of increased appetite, restlessness, anxiety, sleeplessness, profuse sweating and heat intolerance, diarrhea, goiter

Question 7

how is hyperthyroidism treated?

Answer 7

with meds, radioactive iodine pills or thyroidectomy

Question 8

average age of menopause

Answer 8

52

Question 9

what does menopause cause an increased risk for?

Answer 9

CV disease, osteoporosis, mood disorders

Question 10

symptoms of menopause

Answer 10

hot flashes, mood swings, foggy brain

Question 11

6 characteristics of metabolic syndrome

Answer 11

• abdominal obesity
• high lipids
• increased blood pressure
• insulin resistance
• pro-inflammatory state
• pro-thrombotic state

Question 12

diabetes

Answer 12

disease in which the body is unable to properly store and use glucose for energy/expenditure

Question 13

type I vs type II diabetes

Answer 13

Type I - body can’t produce insulin

Type II - body can’t use the insulin produced

Question 14

risk factors for diabetes

Answer 14

• high cholesterol/triglycerides
• sedentary
• family history
• high blood pressure
• aboriginal, asian, latin american or african ethnicity
• having a baby over albs
• being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder
• having been diagnosed with sleep apnea

Question 15

hypoglycemia

Answer 15

when blood sugar is too low

Question 16

warning signs of hypoglycemia

Answer 16

shakiness, dizziness, light headed, irritability

Question 17

treatment for hypoglycemia

Answer 17

fast acting carb

Question 18

hyperglycemia

Answer 18

when blood sugar is too high

Question 19

treatment for hyperglycemia

Answer 19

insulin or medication

Question 20

benefits of exercise for diabetics

Answer 20

• decreases circulating blood sugar
• controls weight
• controls CV risk factors
• increases muscle mass
• increases binding of insulin

Question 21

what are the clinical practice guidelines for physical activity by canadian diabetes association?

Answer 21

1) aerobic exercise 50-70% MHR 150 min/week
2) resistance training 3x/week, 1-2 sets, 12-15 reps progressing to 3 sets, 8 reps
3) late night exercise not recommended (for type I especially)

Question 22

Dementia

Answer 22

a syndrome or group of symptoms that show impairments in areas such as:

• cognitive skills
• functional abilities
• mood and behaviour
• causes memory changes, intellectual deficits and behavioural disturbances

Question 23

what is the most common dementia?

Answer 23

alzheimers disease

Question 24

__ in 10 people over 65 and __ in 10 people over 85 have alzheimers disease

Answer 24

1 in 10 over 65 and 4 in 10 over 85

Question 25

how many cases of alzheimers disease are genetic?

Answer 25

30-50%

Question 26

benefits of exercise for dementia

Answer 26

- improves stamina, mood, circulation, sleep - improves calming effect - helps retain motor skills - imparts sense of meaning, purpose, contributing to their own health - controls blood pressure, falls and all other general benefits

Question 27

what is meant by higher cognitive function?

Answer 27

higher functioning in verbal memory, executive functioning, attention, speed and mental flexibility

Question 28

what type of exercise seems to provide the largest improvement in cognitive function?

Answer 28

moderate strength training combined with aerobic exercises

Question 29

do females or males wth alzheimers get a higher benefit from exercise

Answer 29

females because experience a marked drop in reproductive hormones at menopause, whereas men experience a more gradual decrease in sex hormones in andropause (testosterone might have protective effects on brain tissue)

Question 30

how does exercise improve cognition

Answer 30

more neurotransmitters working at the synapses, create more brain cells, create more vessels in brains, reduces buildup of amyloid beta plaques, reduces brain atrophy, repairs neurons

Question 31

exercise prescription for alzheimers disease

Answer 31

- aerobic: it can be a familiar activity | - Time: aim for 40-60 minutes broken up to 15-20 minute bouts

Question 32

what is the 2nd most common type of dementia

Answer 32

parkinsons disease

Question 33

do more men or women have parkinson disease

Answer 33

men

Question 34

parkinsons is the failure to properly metabolise ______ (unable to cross blood-brain barrier)

Answer 34

dopamine

Question 35

symptoms of parkingsons

Answer 35

- pill rolling - useless contraction of skeletal muscles - stooped posture - expressionless face - shuffling gait - slow, monotonous speech - difficulty initiating movement

Question 36

when should medication for parkinsons be taken when doing physical activity

Answer 36

60 minutes prior to activity

Question 37

best choices of exercise for parkinsons disease

Answer 37

swimming, recumbent bike, walk, dance

Question 38

benefits of exercise in people with parkinsons

Answer 38

- reduces falls - improves gait - increases grip strength - reduces arm tremor - motor coordination

Question 39

what is the cardio prescription for someone with parkinsons

Answer 39

3x/week, 60-75% max HR