Test 1

Question 1

Wear and Tear

Answer 1

body parts wear out with use and stop functioning

Question 2

3 programmed theories

Answer 2

programmed longevity, endocrine theory, immunology theory

Question 3

programmed longevity

Answer 3

switching on and off of genes

Question 4

endocrine theory

Answer 4

hormones control the pace of aging

Question 5

immunology theory

Answer 5

immunity declines over time

Question 6

general imbalance theories

Answer 6

brain, endocrine and immune systems fail to function appropriately. Communication is not efficient and body is more susceptible to disease

Question 7

accumulation theories

Answer 7

accumulation of elements that interfere with proper cell function

Question 8

5 cellular changes that come with age

Answer 8

1) intracellular water decreases
2) change in glycogen storage
3) Fatty infiltration
4) connective tissue infiltration
5) Fewer mitochondria

Question 9

2 psychological theories of aging

Answer 9

1) disengagement theory

2) active theory

Question 10

disengagement theory

Answer 10

some relationships between seniors and society are severed and the remaining ones are altered. seniors slowly withdraw by retiring which is expected by society

Question 11

active theory

Answer 11

society expects all people to be active, energetic and industrial so seniors find other activities to fill in for “work”

Question 12

Ageism

Answer 12

like racism but for aging - we have to be careful not to assume anything about seniors

Question 13

what is the scientist perception of aging?

Answer 13

disease, decline and degeneration - measurable variables go down (vow max, height, bone density, physical function etc.)

Question 14

What are Blue Zones?

Answer 14

areas in the world where people commonly live past 100 years

Question 15

how many blue zones are there?

Answer 15

5

Question 16

What are the reasons Dan buettner explains for the longevity of those in the blue zones?

Answer 16

closeness of family, don’t smoke, constant moderate physical activity, socially engaged, eat a lot of legumes, strategies to keep themselves from over eating, gardening, prayer and sense of purpose

Question 17

exercise and physical activity are used to decrease the risk of chronic illness in the first place, and then to treat chronic illness and improve function as much as possible to maintain ________ and ________ to aid in successful aging

Answer 17

quality of life and independence

Question 18

gerontology

Answer 18

the study of aging

Question 19

aging

Answer 19

the process or group of processes occurring in living organisms that, with the passage of time, lead to a loss of adaptability, functional impairment and death

Question 20

Middle Age, Young Age, Old, Oldest Old

Answer 20

middle age - 50s
young age - 60s
old - 70s
oldest old - 80s

Question 21

Primary aging

Answer 21

universal changes with age within a species or population that are independent of disease or environmental influence (how your body ages regardless of chronic disease history etc.)

Question 22

secondary aging

Answer 22

clinical symptoms which include the effects of the environment disease

Question 23

life span

Answer 23

the maximum length of time we can live under ideal conditions

Question 24

what is the human lifespan?

Answer 24

110-120 years

Question 25

Life Expectancy

Answer 25

the number of years we are expected to live at any given age

Question 26

What is the average life expectancy for males? females?

Answer 26

79 for males, 83 for females

Question 27

average life expectancy for males and females in Manitoba

Answer 27

``` males = 77 females = 82 ```

Question 28

Morbidity

Answer 28

the condition in which an individual is so physically or mentally disabled by chronic disease s/he becomes immobile and dependent on the care of others (means your sick)

Question 29

Mortality

Answer 29

death rate (means your dead)

Question 30

compression of morbidity

Answer 30

shortening the period of time an individual lives in a state of morbidity

Question 31

6 measures of age?

Answer 31

1) chronological 2) functional 3) biological 4) relative 5) psychological 6) Social

Question 32

5 reasons we live longer now

Answer 32

1) control of major communicable diseases 2) improved public sanitation and public health 3) decrease in child mortality 4) cardiovascular and cancer treatments improved (decrease in premature deaths) 5) increased knowledge and health practices including physical activity

Question 33

_________ are the largest healthcare problems we face

Answer 33

degenerative diseases

Question 34

Jan Montagues 5 classifications of senior functioning

Answer 34

1) physically dependent 2) physically frail 3) physically independent 4) physically fit 5) physically elite

Question 35

7 dimensions of health

Answer 35

physical, social, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, vocational and environmental

Question 36

by definition, active living includes what?

Answer 36

formal exercise program, leisure time pursuits, recreational activities, competitive sport participation, domestic activity, paid physical labour

Question 37

5 most popular physical activities for older adults

Answer 37

1) walking 2) cycling 3) gardening 4) Golf (men) 5) Aerobics (women)

Question 38

What does exercise gerontology deal with?

Answer 38

understanding issues of everyday living such as: how and why people spend leisure time the way they do and why certain individuals and cultures call physical activity, exercise and sport more than others

Question 39

what are the problems with doing research on seniors

Answer 39

1) limited accessibility of subjects 2) small samples/high dropout/illness/death 3) using highly motivated and active subjects (non-representative) 4) protocol and cost

Question 40

8 ways of measuring activity levels

Answer 40

1) self report 2) survey 3) pedometers/accelerometers 4) heart rate monitors 5) doubly labeled water 6) direct observation 7) VO2Max 8) Fit bits etc.

Question 41

tests that are typically done to test activity levels

Answer 41

endurance (1 mile walk), balance (one foot stand), muscle endurance (how many reps in 30sec), flexibility, body composition

Question 42

PASE

Answer 42

physical activity scale for the Elderly