Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SBI4U - Biology > Endocrine & Nervous System > Flashcards

Endocrine & Nervous System Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Homeostasis

A
  • Tendency for the body to maintain relative constant internal environment
  • Dynamic process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Components of Feedback Systems

A
  • Sensor
  • Control centre
  • Effector
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sensor

A

Body structure that detects changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Control Centre

A
  • Body structure that set range which variable should be maintained
  • Sends signals to effector when there are changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Effector

A

Body structure that responds to signal from control centre to change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Negative Feedback System

A
  • Works to reverse change
  • Thermoregulation
  • Blood glucose
  • BP
  • pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Positive Feedback System

A
  • Works to increase change
  • Blood clotting
  • Childbirth, cramps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nervous System uses

A

Electrical signals (nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Endocrine System uses

A

Chemical signals (hormones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gland

A

Secretes specific chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hormones

A
  • Chemical made in glands that are secreted into blood
  • Indirectly affect cells by initiating a series of events
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Steroid Hormones

A
  • Cholesterol
  • Soluble in lipids
  • Hormones binds to receptor inside nucleus to activate/inhibit gene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Protein Hormones

A
  • Amino acid chain
  • Soluble in water (insulin, GH)
  • Hormones attaches to binds to cell membrane receptors to send signal for change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypothalamus makes & connects to

A

Neurohormones that move through portal veins into pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pituitary Gland, consists of

A
  • Posterior lobe: stores ADH & oxytocin made by hypothalamus
  • Anterior Lobe: makes its own hormones that are released under control of the hypothalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thyroid Hormone

A
  • Primary thyroid hormone = T4
  • T4 turns into T3
  • T4 finds when cells need to consume O2 & nutrients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Negative feedback loop for Thyroid

A
  • T3 inhibits anterior pituitary
  • T4 inhibits hypothalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A
  • Endocrine cells in prancreas
  • Alpha cells make glucagon
  • Beta cells make insulin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Insulin works by

A

Decreasing lvls by makes cells put protein channels into membrane to allows glucose in through, facilitates diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Glucagon works by

A

Increasing glucose levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Adrenal Glands compose of

A
  • Cortex: outer layer
  • Medulla: inner layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adrenal medulla

A
  • Short term stress
  • Triggered by amygdala & hypothalamus
  • Releases epinephrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Adrenal cortex

A
  • Long term stress
  • Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, gonadocorticoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Coracoid hormones

A
  • Mineralocoraticoids: increases BP
  • Gondacorticoids: supplement sex hormones
  • Glucocorticoids: increases sugar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Mineralocorticoids: Aldosterone
- Cholesterol hormone - Reabsorption of Na through H2O to increas BP
26
Gondacorticoids
Promotes secondary sexual characteristics
27
Glucocorticoids: Cortisol
- Cholesterol hormone - ACTH from pituitary gland causes release of cortisol - Cortisol raises sugar through breakdown of muscle protein into glucose
28
Testes composed of
- Seminiferous tubules: sperm is made - Interstitial cells: secretes testosterone
29
Androgens
Male sex hormones
30
Oogenesis
Making of an ovum
31
Ovarian Cycle
- Follicular stage: FSH stimulates follicle to mature, releasing estrogen & progesterone - Estrogen lvls cause LH surge - LH surge causes follicle to move through fallopian tube
32
Uterine Cycle
Estrogen, progesterone stimulate development of uterine lining
33
Corpus Luteum
- Follicle becomes this - Makes progesterone, which allows lining to stay
34
Andropause
Decline in testosterone around 40 yrs
35
Glial Cells
Support neurons
36
Schwann Cells
Form myelin by wrapping around axon
37
Neurilemma
Outermost membrane of schwann cells, promoting regeneration of damage axons
38
Types of Neurons
- Sensory neurons - Interneurons (links) - Motor neurons
39
Nerve
Bundles of individual axons to form nerve fibres
40
Resting Membrane Potential
- Outside axon: positive, lots of Na - Inside axon: negative, lots of K + anions - -70mV - Polarized - Maintained by actively pumping
41
Nerve Impulses Start by
- Stimulus causing Na channels to open, flowing into cell - Depolarizes - Voltage gated channels open to start action potential
42
Action potential
- Change in charge - -50mV - Na flows in, K flows out
43
Voltage Gated Sodium Channels
- Na rushes in, raising to +40 mV - Na channel close & K channels open from change in charge, K flows out - Hyperpolarized, -90mV
44
Refractory Period
- Na-K pumps repolarizes membrane back to -70mV - Neuron can't fire
45
Nodes of Ranvier
Space btwn schwann cells
46
Salutatory Conduction
Conduction of impulse along myelinated neuron
47
Neurotransmitters are made
By neurons & stored in synaptic vesicle at the end
48
Releasing of neurotransmitters
- Depolarization reaches causing voltage gated Ca channels open, flowing in - Ca causes vesicles to fuse w/cell membrane
49
White matter is in
- Inner region of brain areas - Outer region of spine cord
50
Grey matter is in
- Outside areas of brain - Core of spinal cord
51
Spinal Cord
- Link brain w/peripheral - Primary reflex centre: coordinates incoming/coming info
52
Meninges
3 layers of tough, elastic tissue enclosing the brain
53
Blood Brain Barrier
- Glial cells & blood vessels separate blood from brain & spinal cord - Glial cells selectively allow things to pass
54
Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Dense, clear liquid from plasma - In cavities of brain, centre of spinal cord - Move hormones, WBC, nutrients across blood brain barrier - Shock absorber
55
Main regions of Brain
- Hindbrain: coordination & homeostasis - Midbrain: processing sensory input - Forebrain: thoughts, emotions
56
Cerebellum
- Lower, back part of brain - Controls balance, coordination - Voluntary movements
57
Medulla Oblongata
- Base of brain stem - Maintains homeostasis
58
Hypothalamus
- Above pituitary - Survival behaviour
59
Cerebrum
- Senses are sorted & interpreted - L & R hemispheres - Consciousness
60
Cerebal Cortex
- Thin layer of grey mater covering brain - Info processing - Memory, attention, awareness, personality, language
61
PNS Consists of
- Somatic - Automatic
62
Somatic NS
- Voluntary control - All myelinated
63
Autonomic NS
- Controls involuntary glandular secretions, smooth muscles - Controlled by hypothalamus, medulla oblongata
64
Sympathetic NS
- Releases norepinephrine, epinephrine - Increases BP, HR
65
Parasympathetic NS
- Restores, converse nrg - Acetylcholine
66
Type 1 Diabetes
Pancreas doesn't make insulin/not enough insulin
67
Type 2 Diabetes
Body is resistant to insulin
68
Pons
- Part of brain stem - Connects brain to spinal cord

SBI4U - Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions