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Endocrine pathology Flashcards

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1
Q

Accumulation of this substance in DM patients leads to neuropathy and cataracts

A

sorbitol

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2
Q

↑ urine HMA, VMA

Bombesin and neuron-specific enolase positive

opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome

A

Neuroblastoma

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2
Q

Pheo derived from what cells and what cell line

A

chromaffin cells (neural crest)

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3
Q

Potassium balance in DKA

Serum levels:

Intracellular levels:

A

Serum: elevated

Intracellular: depleted

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3
Q

Mechanism in common to PTU and methimazole

A

block thyroid peroxidase –> limits thyroid hormone synthesis

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4
Q

Canagliflozin is what drug class

A

SGLT-2 inhibitor

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5
Q

Acromegaly increases risk of what cancer

A

colorectal

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5
Q

MEN 2A

A

MTC

Pheo

Hyperpara

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7
Q

Ligation of this artery can damage superior laryngeal nerve

A

superior laryngeal artery

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8
Q

DM drugs ending in -mide, -zide, or -ride

A

sulfonylurea

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8
Q

Pramlintide mechanism

A

decreased gastric emptying

decreased glucagon

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11
Q

Aldosterone synthesis decreases in which forms of adrenal insufficiency

A

Primary

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11
Q

Hurthle cells, lymphoid aggregate with germinal centers

A

Hashimoto’s

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12
Q

Hyperthyroid mother treated with ___ in pregnancy gives birth to infant with aplasia cutis

A

methimazole

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13
Q

Pot-bellied, pale, puffy-faced child with protruding umbilicus, protuberant tongue, poor brain development

A

Cretinsism (congenital hypothyroid)

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14
Q

hyperthyroidism treatment – drug of choice during pregnancy

A

PTU

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15
Q

Carcinoid syndrome presents with what urine lab abnormality

A

increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

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16
Q

Type 1 or Type 2 DM:

Islet amyloid polypeptide

A

T2DM

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16
Q

Drugs ending with -tide are what DM drug class

A

GLP-1 analog

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17
Q

Pharm treatment for pheo

A

phenoxybenzamine (alpha antagonist)

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17
Q

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors mechanism

A

decreased glucose absorption in the gut

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18
Q

Neuroblastoma or Wilm’s:

irregular mass, can cross midline

A

Neuroblastoma

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18
Q

MEN 1 consists of

A

pituitary tumors

parathyroid tumors

pancreas endocrine tumors

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19
Q

Hyperthyroid then hypothyroid following flu-like illness

Granulomatous inflammation

Jaw pain

Tender thyroid

A

Subacute thyrioditis (de Quervain)

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21
Cushing phenotype Elevated ACTH CRH increases ACTH secretion
Cushing's-disease (ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma)
22
Thyroid fibrosis IgG4 mediated
Riedel thyroiditis (hypothyroid)
23
Skin hyperpigmentation: primary, secondary, or tertiary adrenal insufficiency
Primary (excess ACTH --\> MSH)
24
Thyroid cancer type sheets of cells in amyloid stroma
medullary thyroid cancer
24
SGLT-2 mechanism
block glucose reabsorption in PCT
25
Treatment for thyroid storm
3 P's propranolol propylthiouracil prednisone
26
Insulin deficiency or resistance has what impact on protein metabolism
Increased catabolism
27
MEN 2B
MTC Pheo Mucosal neuromas
28
Cushing phenotype Elevated ACTH Adequate response to high dose dexamethasone suppression test
Cushing's disease (ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma)
29
Cushing phenotype Elevated ACTH Inadequate response to high dose dexamethasone suppression test
Ectopic ACTH-secreting tumor
29
medical treatment for nephrogenic DI
HCTZ indomethacin amiloride
30
Treatment for central DI
intranasal desmopressin
31
GLP-1 analog toxicities
vomiting pancreatitis
33
Medical therapy for acromegaly
octreotide or pegvisomant
34
DM drugs ending in -gliptin: what class
DPP-4 inhibitor
36
Medical treatment for prolactinoma
bromocriptine
37
Trousseau sign
In hypocalcemia, applying BP cuff causes carpal spasm
38
Glitazone/thiazoladinedione mechanism
increased insulin sensitivity PPAR-gamma binding
40
Neuroblastoma originates from what cell line
neural crest
41
Serious complication of methimazole and PTU
agranulocytosis
42
Cystic bone spaces filled with brown fibrous tissue
osteitis fibrosa cystica in hyperparathyroid
44
Hypercholesterolemia: hyper- or hypothyroid
Hypothyroid
45
Serious complication of metformin
lactic acidosis
46
Name two things that glucocorticoids inhibit
phospholipase A2 NF-kappa B
48
Name the DM drug class based on the toxicities: glucosuria, UTI, vaginal yeast infection
SGLT-2 inhibiors (canagliflozin)
49
PTU blocks what in addition to thyroid peroxidase What's the effect of this?
Blocks 5'deiodinase: blocks peripheral T4 --\> T3 conversion
50
Sulfonylurea mechanism
Close K channel in beta cells --\> depolarization --\> insulin release
51
Pretibial myxedema: hyper- or hypothyroid
Hyperthyroid
52
Hypocalcemia short 4th and 5th digits short stature
pseudohypoparathyroidism -- Albright hereditary osteodystrophy
53
Medical therapy for SIADH
-vaptans, demeocycline
54
sulfonylurea side effects
hypoglycemia disulfiram-like effects in 1st gen drugs
55
This is side effect profile of what DM drug class weight gain edema HF hepatotoxicty fractures
glitazones
56
What kind of tumor?
Neuroblastoma
57
This drug can cause SIADH
cyclophosphamide
58
Jod-Basedown phenomenon
thyrotoxicosis 2/2 iodine repletion in iodine deficient goiter
59
SIADH associated with what malignancy
SCLC
60
Ligation of this artery can damage recurrent laryngeal nerve
inferior thyroid artery
61
Psammoma bodies Empty appearing nuclei with central clearing
papillary thyroid cancer
62
Miglitol and acarbose are what drug class
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
63
In healthy adult, response to metyrapone stimulation test
↓ cortisol ↑ ACTH
64
Chvostek sign
In hypocalcemia, tapping of facial nerve causes contraction of facial muscles
65
Postpartum bleeding Failure to lactate Absent menstruation
Sheehan syndrome
66
Screening test for ZES
secretin stimulation test
67
Low ACTH with Cushing phenotype
Adrenal tumor

Endocrine (8 decks)

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