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Endocrine > Endocrine pathology > Flashcards

Endocrine pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Accumulation of this substance in DM patients leads to neuropathy and cataracts

A

sorbitol

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2
Q

↑ urine HMA, VMA

Bombesin and neuron-specific enolase positive

opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome

A

Neuroblastoma

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2
Q

Pheo derived from what cells and what cell line

A

chromaffin cells (neural crest)

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3
Q

Potassium balance in DKA

Serum levels:

Intracellular levels:

A

Serum: elevated

Intracellular: depleted

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3
Q

Mechanism in common to PTU and methimazole

A

block thyroid peroxidase –> limits thyroid hormone synthesis

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4
Q

Canagliflozin is what drug class

A

SGLT-2 inhibitor

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5
Q

Acromegaly increases risk of what cancer

A

colorectal

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5
Q

MEN 2A

A

MTC

Pheo

Hyperpara

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7
Q

Ligation of this artery can damage superior laryngeal nerve

A

superior laryngeal artery

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8
Q

DM drugs ending in -mide, -zide, or -ride

A

sulfonylurea

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8
Q

Pramlintide mechanism

A

decreased gastric emptying

decreased glucagon

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11
Q

Aldosterone synthesis decreases in which forms of adrenal insufficiency

A

Primary

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11
Q

Hurthle cells, lymphoid aggregate with germinal centers

A

Hashimoto’s

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12
Q

Hyperthyroid mother treated with ___ in pregnancy gives birth to infant with aplasia cutis

A

methimazole

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13
Q

Pot-bellied, pale, puffy-faced child with protruding umbilicus, protuberant tongue, poor brain development

A

Cretinsism (congenital hypothyroid)

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14
Q

hyperthyroidism treatment – drug of choice during pregnancy

A

PTU

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15
Q

Carcinoid syndrome presents with what urine lab abnormality

A

increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

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16
Q

Type 1 or Type 2 DM:

Islet amyloid polypeptide

A

T2DM

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16
Q

Drugs ending with -tide are what DM drug class

A

GLP-1 analog

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17
Q

Pharm treatment for pheo

A

phenoxybenzamine (alpha antagonist)

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17
Q

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors mechanism

A

decreased glucose absorption in the gut

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18
Q

Neuroblastoma or Wilm’s:

irregular mass, can cross midline

A

Neuroblastoma

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18
Q

MEN 1 consists of

A

pituitary tumors

parathyroid tumors

pancreas endocrine tumors

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19
Q

Hyperthyroid then hypothyroid following flu-like illness

Granulomatous inflammation

Jaw pain

Tender thyroid

A

Subacute thyrioditis (de Quervain)

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21
Q

Cushing phenotype

Elevated ACTH

CRH increases ACTH secretion

A

Cushing’s-disease (ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma)

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22
Q

Thyroid fibrosis

IgG4 mediated

A

Riedel thyroiditis (hypothyroid)

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23
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation: primary, secondary, or tertiary adrenal insufficiency

A

Primary (excess ACTH –> MSH)

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24
Q

Thyroid cancer type

sheets of cells in amyloid stroma

A

medullary thyroid cancer

24
Q

SGLT-2 mechanism

A

block glucose reabsorption in PCT

25
Q

Treatment for thyroid storm

A

3 P’s

propranolol

propylthiouracil

prednisone

26
Q

Insulin deficiency or resistance has what impact on protein metabolism

A

Increased catabolism

27
Q

MEN 2B

A

MTC

Pheo

Mucosal neuromas

28
Q

Cushing phenotype

Elevated ACTH

Adequate response to high dose dexamethasone suppression test

A

Cushing’s disease (ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma)

29
Q

Cushing phenotype

Elevated ACTH

Inadequate response to high dose dexamethasone suppression test

A

Ectopic ACTH-secreting tumor

29
Q

medical treatment for nephrogenic DI

A

HCTZ

indomethacin

amiloride

30
Q

Treatment for central DI

A

intranasal desmopressin

31
Q

GLP-1 analog toxicities

A

vomiting

pancreatitis

33
Q

Medical therapy for acromegaly

A

octreotide or pegvisomant

34
Q

DM drugs ending in -gliptin: what class

A

DPP-4 inhibitor

36
Q

Medical treatment for prolactinoma

A

bromocriptine

37
Q

Trousseau sign

A

In hypocalcemia, applying BP cuff causes carpal spasm

38
Q

Glitazone/thiazoladinedione mechanism

A

increased insulin sensitivity

PPAR-gamma binding

40
Q

Neuroblastoma originates from what cell line

A

neural crest

41
Q

Serious complication of methimazole and PTU

A

agranulocytosis

42
Q

Cystic bone spaces filled with brown fibrous tissue

A

osteitis fibrosa cystica in hyperparathyroid

44
Q

Hypercholesterolemia: hyper- or hypothyroid

A

Hypothyroid

45
Q

Serious complication of metformin

A

lactic acidosis

46
Q

Name two things that glucocorticoids inhibit

A

phospholipase A2

NF-kappa B

48
Q

Name the DM drug class based on the toxicities:

glucosuria, UTI, vaginal yeast infection

A

SGLT-2 inhibiors (canagliflozin)

49
Q

PTU blocks what in addition to thyroid peroxidase

What’s the effect of this?

A

Blocks 5’deiodinase: blocks peripheral T4 –> T3 conversion

50
Q

Sulfonylurea mechanism

A

Close K channel in beta cells –> depolarization –> insulin release

51
Q

Pretibial myxedema: hyper- or hypothyroid

A

Hyperthyroid

52
Q

Hypocalcemia

short 4th and 5th digits

short stature

A

pseudohypoparathyroidism – Albright hereditary osteodystrophy

53
Q

Medical therapy for SIADH

A

-vaptans, demeocycline

54
Q

sulfonylurea side effects

A

hypoglycemia

disulfiram-like effects in 1st gen drugs

55
Q

This is side effect profile of what DM drug class

weight gain

edema

HF

hepatotoxicty

fractures

A

glitazones

56
Q

What kind of tumor?

A

Neuroblastoma

57
Q

This drug can cause SIADH

A

cyclophosphamide

58
Q

Jod-Basedown phenomenon

A

thyrotoxicosis 2/2 iodine repletion in iodine deficient goiter

59
Q

SIADH associated with what malignancy

A

SCLC

60
Q

Ligation of this artery can damage recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

inferior thyroid artery

61
Q

Psammoma bodies

Empty appearing nuclei with central clearing

A

papillary thyroid cancer

62
Q

Miglitol and acarbose are what drug class

A

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

63
Q

In healthy adult, response to metyrapone stimulation test

A

↓ cortisol

↑ ACTH

64
Q

Chvostek sign

A

In hypocalcemia, tapping of facial nerve causes contraction of facial muscles

65
Q

Postpartum bleeding

Failure to lactate

Absent menstruation

A

Sheehan syndrome

66
Q

Screening test for ZES

A

secretin stimulation test

67
Q

Low ACTH with Cushing phenotype

A

Adrenal tumor

Endocrine (8 decks)

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