Endocrine Pharmacology

Question 0

150 lb person will produce normally the pancreas may need ______ units per day normally.

Answer 0

13-45

Question 1

Insulin Hormone released from the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
At what rate?

Answer 1

0.2-0.5 units/kg/day

Question 2

What is the normal range for Serum glucose levels?

Answer 2

70-110

Question 3

Glucose greater than _____ will spill into the urine. What is this called?

Answer 3

180

Glycosuria

Question 4

Beta cells in the pancreas secret approximately?

Answer 4

0.2 – 0.5 units/kg/day.

Question 5

Quickest absorption sites in order when at rest:

Answer 5

1. Abdomen
2. Deltoid
3. Thighs
4. Buttocks
   Site: absorption quickest from abdomen (unless about to exercise) then deltoid, thigh, and buttocks

Question 6

Is clear in appearance;
*****this is the ONLY type used for IV administration;
What insulin is this?

Answer 6

Short Acting: Regular
(Novolin R & Humulin R)
Humulin R (U-500)

this takes longer to take effect than the rapid acting insulin.

Question 7

CLEAR
Must NOT be given > 5 minutes before a meal
Insulin dependent patients usually require food right away because it is rapid acting. The tray must be right there.
Insulin dependent patients usually require intermediate insulin also.

Answer 7

Rapid Acting: Aspart & Lispro /Novolog & Humolog

Question 8

Take longer to act; The proteins or zinc bind with insulin so that insulin is not available to the cells until it can get away from the protein or the zinc. That changes the course of action. This also makes it cloudy. Insulin must be mixed to take effect and can change the course of action; The patient will have to roll in their hands before drawing; consistency is important to manage their condition with this medication must roll between their hands.
What insulin is this?

Answer 8

Intermediate: NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)
Lente (Novolin L)
Insulin Detemir (Levemir)

N has proteins
L has zinc 
N = Protein added
L = Zinc added
To change course of action

Question 9

Will see these but not as much as the rapid or immediate acting insulins. Why?

What insulin is this?

Answer 9

Long Acting (25)
Ultralente (Novolin U)
Glargine (Lantus)

Can have irregular effects over time.

Question 10

When mixed, insulin loses a portion of the effect of regular insulin. These are regular and are good for those that do not have the visual acuity or they cannot mix meds well; it is a premix and will lose some of the effect of using the 2 separate draws but the benefits outweigh the risk; used with people that have visual issues or cannot understand the procedure of mixing.
What insulin is this?

Answer 10

Combinations:
70% NPH and 30% regular

Humulin 70/30
Novulin 70/30
Are 70% in pH and 30%

Question 11

What three things cause hypoglycemia?

Answer 11

Too much exercise
too much insulin
to little intake of food

Question 12

Anxious 
sweaty 
hungry 
confused 
blurred or double vision 
shaky 
irritable 
cool clammy skin 
these are the signs and symptoms of what blood sugar imbalance?

Answer 12

Hypoglycemia this patient needs their blood sugar increased.

Question 13

What blood sugar and balance as an onset of 1 to 3 hours?

Answer 13

Hypoglycemia

Question 14

Oral Antidiabetics (Hypoglycemic) Drugs can 
ONLY used with pts with what type of diabetes? Why?

Answer 14

Type II diabetes

Type I diabetes cannot use these meds because they will NOT work. Type I needs some form of insulin production