Endocrine Quiz Questions From Pearson

Question 1

Name 3 major endocrine organs

Answer 1

Pancreas
Pituitary
Thymus

Question 2

Steroid hormones influences cellular activities by _____

Answer 2

Binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex (Steroid hormones enter the cell and form a DNA-hormone complex before they change cellular function.)

Question 3

Sympathetic nerve stimuli are responsible for the release of _________

Answer 3

Epinephrine (The preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic neurons stimulate the adrenal medulla to produce epinephrine and norepinephrine.)

Question 4

The chemical classification of hormones include

Answer 4

Either amino acid-based hormones or steroids.

Question 5

The metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled directly by _______

Answer 5

TH (Thyroid hormones control the consumption of oxygen by all body tissues by way of an increase in glucose metabolism.)

Question 6

The stimulus for secreting parathyroid hormone is a good example of _________

Answer 6

Humoral Stimulus (The declining levels of calcium ions in the blood control secretion of PTH, which is a humoral stimulus.)

Question 7

The stimulus for producing insulin is _______

Answer 7

High blood glucose concentration (Excess glucose levels in the blood stimulate beta cells in the pancreas to secrete insulin)

Question 8

The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of ____

Answer 8

Steroid Hormones (A steroid hormone complex controls the formation of new messenger RNA)

Question 9

Which element is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone?

Answer 9

Iodine (The production of functional thyroid hormone requires iodine.)

Question 10

The Hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the ______

Answer 10

Anterior pituitary gland/ Adenohypophysis (It is by this portal system that releasing and inhibiting hormones secreted by neurons in the ventral hypothalamus circulate to the adenohypophysis, where they regulate secretion of its hormones.

Question 11

Which of the following signals would affect local cells by releasing chemicals into the extracellular fluid?

Answer 11

Paracrine (Paracrine signals are local signals that affect adjacent cells)

Question 12

Which of the following describes a hormone that CANNOT exhibit its full effect without the presence of another hormone?

Answer 12

Permissiveness (In permissiveness, a hormone needs another hormone to be fully effective.)

Question 13

Which are synthesized in the pituitary gland?

Answer 13

TSH, LH, FSH, PRL (Oxytocin and ADH are synthesized in the hypothalamus)

Question 14

Which organ is considered a neuron doctrine organ?

Answer 14

Hypothalamus

Question 15

Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they ______

Answer 15

Act locally. (Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they act locally, rather than on distal organs as do true hormones.)

Question 16

How do protein kinases affect enzymes?

Answer 16

They phosphorylation an enzyme. (They cause phosphorylation of the enzyme that either activates or inhibits it.)

Question 17

Which hormone is NOT being synthesized if a goiter forms?

Answer 17

TH (A goiter may form in the absence of iodine as colloid continues to be produced but cannot be iodinated to synthesize thyroid hormone)

Question 18

Polydipsia is excessive _____ associated with diabetes mellitus.

Answer 18

Thirst (Polydipsia is one of the three cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus, in which dehydration stimulates the thirst centers of the hypothalamus, triggering excessive thirst)

Question 19

Which of the following is true about water-soluble hormones?

Answer 19

They have a short half-life. (Water-soluble hormones exhibit the shortest half-life)