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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

help control mood, growth and development, the way our organs
work, metabolism , and reproduction.

A

ENDOCRINE HORMONES

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2
Q

_______ of any hormone can be harmful in the body

A

Hyposecretion or Hypersecretion

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3
Q

It plays a significant role in the endocrine system

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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4
Q

The function of the hypothalamus….

A

o maintain your body’s internal balance, which is known as homeostasis

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5
Q

Give 5 other functions of the hypothalamus

A

Help stimulate the:
Heart rate and blood pressure
• Body temperature
• Fluid and electrolyte balance, including thirst
• Appetite and body weight
• Glandular secretions of the stomach and intestines
• Production of substances that influence the pituitary gland to release hormones
• Sleep cycles

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6
Q 
Attached to the
hypothalamus, the
pituitary gland is a peasized, reddish-gray
body that stores
hormones from the
hypothalamus and
releases them into the
bloodstream
A

PITUITARY GLAND

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7
Q

lobes of the pituitary gland

A

ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR LOBE

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8
Q

secretes hormones that regulate a wide variety

of bodily functions

A

ANTERIOR LOBE

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9
Q

another term for the anterior lobe

A

Adenohypophysis

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10
Q

give the 5 anterior pituitary cells

A 
SOMATOTROPHS
GONADOTROPHS
LACTOTROPHS
CORTICOTROPHS
THYROTROPHS
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11
Q

stores and releases only two hormones:

A

Posterior Lobe

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12
Q

another term for the posterior lobe

A

Neurohypophysis

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13
Q

what are the 2 hormones that the posterior lobe stores and releases?

A

oxytocin and antidiuretic

hormone (ADH), or vasopressin

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14
Q

produces hormones that
regulate the body’s metabolic rate controlling
heart, muscle and digestive function, brain
development and bone maintenance

A

THYROID GLAND

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15
Q

the proper functioning of the thyroid gland depend on the supply of what?

A

IODINE

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16
Q

Iodine is converted into what hormones?

A

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

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17
Q

what are the only cells that absorb iodine?

A

THYROID CELLS

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18
Q

small and rounded glands that are usually located above and below the thyroid

A

PARATHYROID GLANDS

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19
Q

how many parathyroid glands do humans usually have?

A

4

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20
Q

increases the blood concentrations of calcium and phosphorous,
working to balance the Calcitonin which is secreted by the thyroid to maintain the body’s
balance of calcium

A

PARATHYROID HORMONE

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21
Q

Long, narrow, lobed gland located behind the stomach.

A

PANCREAS

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22
Q

2 Types of pancreatic cells

A

exocrine & endocrine

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23
Q

what do you call the endocrine cells are arranged in clusters throughout the Pancreas

Study These Flashcards
A

Islets of Langerhans

24
Q

works along with the hormone insulin to control blood sugar levels and keep
them within set levels

25
what is the term for a very low level of blood sugar?
HYPOGLYCEMIA
26
what is the term for a very high level of blood sugar?
HYPERGLYCEMIA
27
secrete different hormones which act as 'chemical messengers'. These hormones travel in the bloodstream and act on various body tissues to enable them to function correctly
Adrenal Glands
28
another term for adrenal glands
SUPRARENAL GLANDS
29
2 distinct parts of the the adrenal glands
outer part called the adrenal cortex and the inner adrenal medulla
30
3 hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
Mineralocorticoids, | Glucocorticoids, Gonadal hormones
31
most important mineralocorticoid; hormone helps to | maintain the body’s salt and water levels which, in turn, regulates blood pressure.
aldosterone
32
the predominant hormone produced by the glucocorticoids; This hormone is involved in the response to illness and also helps to regulate body metabolism.
CORTISOL
33
are produced by the inner cortex, there are roughly even amounts of two types of hormones secreted (Example Androgen (male) and Estrogen (female))
GONADAL HORMONES
34
``` a growth disorder caused by too much growth hormone (GH) being released by the pituitary gland, leading to excessive growth ```
ACROMEGALY
35
rare disorder that affects men and women of all ages; also referred to as primary adrenal insufficiency
Addison’s disease
36
a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. The hormone insulin moves sugar from the blood into your cells to be stored or used for energy.
DIABETES
37
another term for DIABETES
DIABETER MELLITUS
38
People with this type diabetes no longer make insulin to help their bodies use glucose, so they have to take insulin, which is injected under the skin.
TYPE 1 DISEASE
39
. People with this type of diabetes may have enough insulin, but their body doesn't use it well; they're insulin resistant
TYPE 2 DIABETES
40
an abnormally large thyroid gland and develops either because the whole gland is swollen or the gland has multiple growths or nodules on it.
GOITER
41
cause of goiter
IODINE DEFICIENCY
42
``` the thyroid is making more thyroid hormone than your body needs, and it most often leads to a condition called hyperthyroidism, which causes your metabolism to speed up. ```
GRAVE'S DISEASE
43
a condition in which the body doesn’t create enough growth hormone
Growth Hormone Deficiency
44
what is the growth hormone called?
somatotropin
45
primary disease of parathyroid glands is overactivity—too much parathyroid hormone is produced
Hyperparathyroidism
46
state of decreased secretion or activity of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This leads to decreased blood levels of calcium (hypocalcemia) and increased levels of blood phosphorus (hyperphosphatemia).
Hypoparathyroidism
47
symptoms can include erectile dysfunction, and reduced bone mass and sex drive
LOW TESTOSTERONE
48
one cause of low testosterone and can result from compression of the pituitary gland by a large pituitary tumor
Pituitary dysfunction
49
point when a woman no longer has menstrual periods
MENOPAUSE
50
A condition where hormones encourage | abnormal metabolism and the accumulation of body fat
OBESITY
51
What are the hormones encourage abnormal metabolism and the accumulation of body fat
LEPTIN & INSULIN
52
rare, usually noncancerous (benign) tumor that develops in | an adrenal gland
Pheochromocytoma
53
removal of the entire adrenal gland.
ADRENALECTOMY
54
removal of the entire parathyroid gland.
PARATHYROIDECTOMY
55
removal of the entire thyroid gland
THYROIDECTOMY
56
removal of one lobe of the thyroid gland
THYROID LOBECTOMY

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (6 decks)

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