DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
Functions of the digestive system
A
INGESTION & DIGESTION
2
Q
allows food to enter the digestive tract
A
INGESTION
3
Q
2 kinds of digestion process
A
MECHANICAL & CHEMICAL
4
Q
another word for chewing
A
mastication
5
Q
what form does the food take when its pushed down the esophagus
A
BOLUS
6
Q
where does churning takes place
A
stomach
7
Q
when the food is digested in the stomach it turns into a creamy paste. What is the creamy paste called?
A
CHYME
8
Q
muscular movement or process of the digestive tract
A
MECHANICAL
9
Q
involves secretions of enzymes throughout the digestive tract
A
CHEMICAL
10
Q
third stage of the digestive process
A
secretion
11
Q
where do the pancreas empty its secretions into the duodenum?
A
through the MAJOR PANCREATIC DUCT in the DUODENAL PAPILLA
12
Q
another word for the major pancreatic duct
A
DUCT OF WIRSUNG
13
Q
another word for the duodenal papilla
A
PAPILLA OF VATER
14
Q
4th stage of the digestive process
A
ABSORPTION
15
Q
what do proteins break into?
A
amino acids
16
Q
what do fats break into?
A
fatty acids & glycerol
17
Q
what do carbs break into?
A
simple sugars
18
Q
5th process of the digestive system where undigested materials will be released through the rectum and anus by defecation
A
ELIMINATION
19
Q
Enumerate all the digestive process IN ORDER
A
INGESTION DIGESTIONS SECRETION ABSORPTION ELIMINATION
20
Q
2 kinds of the organs of the DGS
A
Gastrointestinal Tract
Accessory structures
21
Q
its a series of hollow organs joined in a long twisting tube from mouth to anus
A
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
22
Q
Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus
A
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
23
Q
another word for the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
A
ALIMENTARY CANAL
24
Q
Composed of the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas
A
accessory structures
25
Each of the organs secrete or store substances that pass through ducts into the alimentary canal
accessory structures
26
series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
PERISTALSIS
27
a motion in the oral cavity and stomach that allows the GI tract to repeatedly break down food into smaller particles, using mechanical digestion
MIXING
28
regions of the small intestine contracting and relaxing independently, allowing the small intestine to digestive and absorb more efficiently
SEGMENTATION
29
enumerate the muscular movement of the GI TRACT in order
PERISTALSIS
MIXING
SEGMENTATION
30
where the first stage of the digestive system occur
MOUTH & ORAL CAVITY
31
process of transport of food from mouth to stomach
DEGLUTITION
32
Adapted for mechanical digestion in the oral cavity
TEETH
33
4 types of teeth
INCISORS, CANINES , PREMOLARS, MOLARS
34
give the process of each teeth
INCISORS (cutting), CANINES (tearing), PREMOLARS (crushing), MOLARS (grinding)
35
secrete saliva in the oral cavity
salivary glands
36
3 pairs of salivary glands
PAROTID, SUBMANDIBULAR, SUBLINGUAL GLAND
37
Muscular tube connecting the throat with the stomach
ESOPHAGUS
38
runs behind the windpipe and heart and in front of the spine
ESOPHAGUS
39
Pouch-like organ primarily designed for food storage (2-4 hrs), some mechanical and chemical digestion also occur
STOMACH
40
what are the 2 sphincters at the both ends of the stomach
cardiac & pyloric sphincter
41
where is the cardiac sphincter located?
near esophagus
42
where is the pyloric sphincter located?
near small intestine
43
4 regions of the stomach
CARDIAC STOMACH, FUNDIC STOMACH, BODY of STOMACH, PYLORIC STOMACH
44
what are the thick folds of the stomach called?
RUGAE
45
located in the abdomen and is converting food into fuel for body cells
PANCREAS
46
main functions of the pancreas
EXOCRINE AND ENDOCRINE
47
Large, meaty organ that sits on the right side of the belly
LIVER
48
2 sections of the liver
LEFT & RIGHT LOBES
49
main job of the liver
to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract before passing it to the rest of the body.
50
Small pouch that sits just under the liver and stores bile produced by the liver
GALLBLADDER
51
Long tube-like organ that connects the stomach and the large intestine.
SMALL INTESTINE
52
3 parts of the small intestine
DUODENUM, JEJENUM, ILEUM
53
how long is the small intestine
20ft
54
absorbs water from the indigestible residue of food
LARGE INTESTINE
55
4 parts of the LI
ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
56
most common health condition of the mouth and oral cavity
dental cavity
57
Form when plaque builds on teeth and bacteria in the plaque combine with sugar to produce enamel-destroying acid that leads to decay
DENTAL CAVITIES
58
irritates the soft tissue along the gumline which gradually worsens
GINGIVITIS
59
when gingivitis worsen it becomes....
PERIODENITIS
60
occur when gums pull away from the teeth forming pockets.
PERIODENITIS
61
Clinically known as HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1 (HSV-1)
ORAL HERPES
62
Serious condition where the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to open up during swallowing which leads to the backup of food within the esophagus.
ACHALASIA
63
Occurs when the stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting the mouth and stomach
GATROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)
64
Condition in which the flat pink lining of the swallowing tube that connects the mouth to the stomach becomes damages by acid reflux, which causes the lining to thicken and become red.
BARETT'S ESOPHAGUS
65
veins that are enlarged or swollen.
VARICES
66
Varices are veins that are enlarged or swollen.
ESOPHAGEAL VARICES
67
Difficulty in swallowing or reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
DYSPHAGIA
68
Inflammation, irritations or erosion of the lining of the stomach
GASTRITIS
69
2 kinds of gastritis
acute and chronic
70
Open sores that develop on the inside lining of the stomach and the upper portion of the small intestine
PEPTIC ULCER or GASTRIC ULCER
71
Condition that affects the normal spontaneous movement of the muscles in the stomach.
GASTROPARESIS
72
Begins when cancer cells form in the inner lining of the stomach.
Usually grows slowly over many years
GASTRIC CANCER
73
Infection of the stomach and small intestine either due to a virus or bacteria
GASTROENTERITIS
74
Narrow opening between the stomach and small intestine
PYLORIC STENOSIS
75
Part of the stomach moves upward into the chest cavity through the space (hiatus) in the diaphragm where the esophagus passes through.
HIATAL HERNIA
76
Eating gluten triggers an immune response in the small intestine which over time damages the small intestine’s lining and prevents it from absorbing some nutrients.
CELIAC DISEASE
77
Inflammation of the small intestine
ENTERITIS
78
Twisting of the intestine
| A loop of intestine twists around itself and the mesentery that supports it, resulting in a bowel obstruction.
VOLVULUS
79
Chronic Inflammation of segments of the intestinal wall, usually in the ileum
Causes pain, diarrhea, abscess and often formation of an abnormal passageway or FISTULA
CROHN'S DISEASE
80
An inflammation of the appendix, a finger shaped pouch that projects from the colon on the lower right side of the abdomen
APPENDICITIS
81
* Digestive condition that causes loose or watery stools
| * The bouts are often acute and resolve in a couple of days with no complications
CHRONIC DIARRHEA
82
2 Conditions in the large intestine and together they are known as diverticular disease. Both share the common feature of DIVERTICULA where 1 or more pockets or bulges form in the wall of the colon
DIVERTICULOSIS & DIVERTICULITIS
83
Serious condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine.
INTUSSUSCEPTION
84
Describes a variety of conditions that occur when blood flow to the intestines decreases due to a blocked blood vessel, usually an artery
INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA
85
Inability to control bowel movements causing stool to leak unexpectedly from the rectum.
FECAL INCONTINENCE
86
Another term for FECAL INCONTINENCE
BOWEL INCONTINENCE
87
Chronic inflammation of the colon
COLITIS
88
Cancer that occurs in the colon or rectum
COLORECTAL CANCER
89
Continuous inflammation of the lining of the colon and usually the rectum
ULCERATIVE COLITIS
90
Inflammatory condition of the liver
HEPATITIS
91
occurs when the body make antibodies against the liver tissue
AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITS
92
Late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions such as HEPATITS and CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM
LIVER CIRRHOSIS
93
accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
ascites
94
accumulation of fluid in the liver
LIVER ASCITES
95
Involves the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder
CHOLELITHIASIS
96
gallstones in the bile duct
CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS
97
Another term for choledocholithiasis
BILE DUCT STONES
98
Inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs most commonly because of cholelithiasis.
CHOLECYSTITIS
99
Small, abnormal growth of tissue with a stalk protruding from the lining of the inside of the gallbladder
GALLBLADDER POLYP
100
Inflammation of the of the pancreas that may result from alcohol abuse, drug toxicity, bile obstruction, infections and other causes
PANCREATITIS
101
Varicose veins in the rectum associated with pain, bleeding and in some cases prolapse of the rectum
HEMORRHOIDS
