Endocrine System Flashcards
specific type of organ that secretes hormones into the blood to target or affect other organs
Gland
set of organs that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system
Endocrine System
part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Major glands of the endocrine system
Pineal Pituitary Thyroid and Parathyroid Thymus Adrenal
Organs containing endocrine tissue and produce hormones
Pancreas
Ovaries or Testes
regulates body functions by controlling the timing and number of hormones released, e.g. blood production reproduction sleep cycle electrolyte balance, etc.
Endocrine System (functionality)
releases insulin which triggers glucose uptake in cells
Pancreas
can result from high blood sugar
Insulin resistance, Diabetes II
When the pancreas does not produce insulin at all
Diabetes I
releases glucagon when blood sugar is low
Pancreas
promotes the break down of glycogen into glucose, thus raising blood sugar
Glucagon
these types of hormones can enter the cell and regulate DNA
Lipid-based hormones
Releases melatonin
Pineal gland
hormone that regulates sleep cycle
melatonin
hormones released in a pattern set by age and development (estrogen, progesterone); long-lasting effects
Nonpolar, fat-soluble hormones
responsible for gamete production
reproductive hormones
released in response to stress; short-lived effects (epinephrine)
Polar, water-soluble hormones
Released by adrenal gland; Increases (fight or flight):
Bloodstream heart rate blood pressure muscle strength metabolism
Epinephrine
cause cellular changes to regulate and control body functions (on cell membrane)
Hormone receptors
can cause metabolic disease
Hormone imbalance
thyroid produces too much thyroxine (T4)
Hyperthyroidism
Pituitary gland releases too much growth hormone
Gigantism
involved in rapid communication within the body as it detects stimuli and coordinates responses
Central Nervous System
slower and longer-lasting responses to stimuli than the nervous system
Endocrine System
