Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
Pea-sized
Aka hypophysis
It is suspended from the base of the brain by a stalk called INFUNDIBULUM
A
Pituitary Gland
2
Q
Butterfly-shaped
A
Thyroid gland
3
Q
Tiny masses of glandular tissue
A
Parathyroid gland
4
Q
Tringular-shaped glands
A
Adrenal glands
5
Q
Little masses
A
Pancreatic Islets or Islets of Langerhans
6
Q
Small, cone-shaped
Resembles a pine nut
A
Pineal Gland or Pineal Body
7
Q
Mostly fibrous, connective tissue, or fat
A
Thymus Gland
8
Q
Almond-shaped
A
Ovaries (gonad)
9
Q
Oval pair
A
Testes (gonad)
10
Q
Inferior to the hypothalamus and surrounded by Turk’s Saddle (Sella Turcica)
A
Pituitary Gland
11
Q
Base of the neck or inferior to the Adam’s Apple
Near the thyroid cartilage of larynx
A
Thyroid Gland
12
Q
Posterior surface of the thyroid gland
A
Parathyroid gland
13
Q
Sit on top of the kidneys
A
Adrenal glands
14
Q
Scattered among the acinar tissues of the pancreas
A
Pancreatic Islets
15
Q
Hangs from the third ventricle roof
Develops from the diencephalon of the brain
A
Pineal Gland
16
Q
Posterior to the sternum
A
Thymus gland
17
Q
Located at pelvis
A
Ovaries (gonad)
18
Q
Located at scrotum
A
Testes (gonad)
19
Q
Hormones produced in the anterior pituitary gland
A
- Growth Hormone (GH
- Prolactin (PRL)
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) - tropic hormone
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone/Thyrotropic hormone (TSH/TH) - tropic hormone
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - gonadotropic
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH) - gonadotropic
20
Q
Hormones produced in posterior pituitary gland
A
- Oxytocin
- Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin
21
Q
Hormones produced in thyroid gland
A
- Thyroid hormone
a. Thyroxine (T4)
b. Triiodothyronine (T3) - Calcitonin
22
Q
Hormone produced in parathyroid gland
A
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
23
Q
Hormones produced in adrenal glands
A
- Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
- Glucocorticoids (cortisone&cortisol)
- Gonadocorticoids (sex hormones)
24
Q
Hormone produced in pancreatic islets
A
- Insulin - produced by beta cells
- Glucagon - produced by alpha cells
25
-Inhibitory hormone produced in pineal gland
-Regulates circadian rhythms
-inhibits release of hormones in the hypothalamus that stimulate the production of sex hormones
-has depressing effect
-"hormone of the darkness" as it is produced during times of low light levels.
Melatonin
(Sleep hormone)
26
Hormone produced in thymus gland
Thymosin
27
Hormone produced in gonads
Female
1. Estrogen
2. Progesterone
Male
1. Androgens
2. Testosterone
28
Major Endocrine Organs
1. Pituitary Gland
2. Thyroid Gland
3. Parathyroid Gland
4. Adrenal Gland
5. Pancreatic Islets
6. Pineal Gland
7. Thymus Gland
8. Gonads
29
Major metabolic hormone
Secretes active iodine containing hormones
Thyroid hormone
30
Major hormone with 4 iodine atoms
Thyroxine T4
31
3 iodine atoms
Triiodothyronine (T3)
32
Hypocalcemic hormone
Calcitonin
33
-Most important Ca ion regulator
-hypercalcemic hormone
Parathyroid gland
34
-Produces costicosteroids
(Steroid hormones)
-stimulates by SNS to secrete "catecholamines"
(Epinephrine or adrenaline, Norepinephrine or noradrenaline)
-Adrenal Cortex
-Adrenal Medulla
35
Inhibits aldosterone release
Mineralocorticoids
36
Hyperglycemic hormone
-Glucocorticoids, cortisone, or cortisol
-Glucagon
37
Mostly androgen and some estrogen in relatively small amounts
Gonadocorticoids/Sex hormones
38
The only hypoglycemic hormone
Insulin
39
Target: skeletal muscles, long bones, most tissues (non-endocrine)
Growth hormone
40
Target: Mammary glands (non-endocrine)
Prolactin
(Luteotropin)
41
(endocrine)
Target: adrenal cortex (outer portion)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormones
42
(endocrine)
Target: thyroid gland
Thyroid stimulating hormone/thyrotropic hormone
43
Target: ovaries, testes
FSH
44
Target: ovaries, interstitial cells of the tested
LH
45
Target: uterus, breast
Oxytocin
46
Target: kidney, arterioles
Antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin
47
Target: every body cell
Thyroid hormone
48
Target: skeleton
Calcitonin
49
Target: skeleton and kidney and intestines
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
50
Target: kidney tubules
Mineralocorticoids
51
Target: body cells
Glucocorticoids
52
Target: sex organs
Gonadocorticoids
53
Target: heart, blood vessels, liver, lungs, brain, muscles
Catecholamines secreted by adrenal medulla
54
Target: body cells (esp. liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue)
Insulin
55
Target: primarily liver
Glucagon
56
Target: primarily brain
Melatonin
57
Target: white blood cells
Thymosin
58
Target: reproductive organs
Estrogen, progesterone, androgen, testosterone
59
-glandular tissue in adrenal gland
-neural tissue in adrenal gland containing 3 distinct layers
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
60
Cell types in thyroid glands
1. Follicular cells
2. Parafollicular cells
61
Features of thyroid gland
1. Has two loves
2. Loves connected by isthmus
3. Contains follicle
62
-In pituitary gland, this part is made up of glandular tissue
-In pituitary gland, this part is made up of neural tissue
Anterior PG
Posterior PG
63
Causes growth in size and proliferation of skeletal muscles and tissues.
Fat breakdown WITHOUT glucose
Maintains blood sugar HOMEOSTASIS
(increase blood sugar)
Growth Hormone
64
Milk production in pregnant women
Prolactin
65
Adrenal cortex regulation
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
66
Thyroid gland growth & activity regulation
TSH
67
Follicle development and maturity in females and sperm dev't in men
FSH
68
Ovulation/Testosterone production
LH
69
Strong uterine contractions during sex, labor, and breastfeeding
Milk ejection
Oxytocin
70
-Urine production inhibition
Kidneys reabsorb more water
Put decrease to urination
And increase in blood volume
-vasoconstriction
ADH/vasopressin
71
Causes biological rhythm regulation
Melatonin
72
Causes lymphocytes' normal decevelopment
White blood cells
73
Reduces blood glucose levels, increase glucose uptake by cells
Insulin
74
Increase glycogen breakdown to glucose
Glucagon
75
General name for organs producing hormones
Glands
76
Regions that are receptive to hormones
Target areas
77
Secretes melatonin
Pineal gland
78
Stores ADH
Posterior PG
79
Produce TSH
Anterior PG
Stimulates thyroid glands to produce thyroid hormones
80
Where is glucagon produced?
Pancreas
Blood glucose level regulation
81
Hormones in adrenal glands controlling water and electrolyte balance
Corticosteroid hormones
82
Secrete epinephrine
Adrenal
83
Consists of glands that produce chemical messengers called hormones that are picked up by blood capillaries (ductless secretion)
Endocrine systems
84
Aids in METABOLISM (GLUCOSE), body heat regulation, and normal tissue growth and development (REPRODUCTIVE/NERVOUS SYSTEM)
Thyroid hormone
85
Lowers blood calcium level by Calcium deposition into the bones (Ca is stored in bones) in response to increasing levels
Calcitonin
86
Increases bone destruction& consequently releases of Ca into the blood from bones, thereby increasing Calcium blood levels
Parathyroid (skeleton as target)
87
Increase absorption of calcium from the urinary filtrate and foods, respectively. Also aids in stimulation of vitamin D production in kidneys
Parathyroid hormone (targets:Kidney and intestines)
88
-development of female sex characteristics
-together with progesterone, breast development and cyclic changes in the uterine lining
Estrogen
89
-Acts with estrogen, menstrual cycle
-during pregnancy, uterine muscle relaxation & breast tissue development
Progesterone
90
-Puberty: growth & maturation of reproductive organs, male secondary sex characteristics & male drive stimulation
-adults: continuous sperm production
Androgens, testosterone
91
Increases sodium and consequently water retention (water follows Na), and increases potassium excretion into the urine. As a result, blood volume and blood pressure increase
Mineralocorticoids on kidney tubules
92
-Cell metabolism, resistance to long-term stressors during the resistance stage by increasing blood glucose levels (increase glucose synthesis from aa)
-suppresion of inflammation/immune system
Glucocorticoids on body cells
93
Cope up with short term stress during alarm stage; SNS effects:
-increased heart rate
-increased bp
-increased conversion of glycogen to glucose-BRONCHODILATION
-increase blood flow to the brain
-increased alertness
-devreased bloodflow to digestive and urinary
-increased metabollic rate
Catecholamines from stimulation of adrenal medulla by SNS
94
Glands that secrete materials in tubules.or ducts
Exocrine glands
95
Highways to carry hormone throughout the body
Interstitial fluid and blood vessels
96
Many hormone regulate the internal environment of the body in a homeostatic response:
Negative feedback loop
97
Has a major role in controlling endocrine functions. Secretes both stimulating and inhibitory hormones
Hypothalamus
98
Originates from the roof of oral cavity during embryonic development.
(3parts?)
Anterior Pituitary Gland
(Adenohypophysis- composed of epithelial cells)
1. Pars tuberalis
2. Pars intermedia
3. Pars distalis
99
Hormones that stimulate the growth and control the function of gonads
Gonadotropins
100
Aka neurohypophysis
Composed of nervous tissue
Hormones released from this are secreted by hypothalamus and flow thru axon to be stored in ....
Posterior Pituitary Gland
