Endocrine System

Question 1

What component of the endocrine system secretes their product directly into the blood stream?

Answer 1

Endocrine glabds

Question 2

Molecules that are
released from one location, move to another
location and produce a response; these
signals are your hormones

Answer 2

Chemical signal

Question 3

Two types of chemical signal

Answer 3

Intracellular and Intercellular

Question 4

Chemical signal; produce in one part of a cell
and moves to another part of the same cell;
one cell

Answer 4

Intracellular

Question 5

Chemical signal; released from one cell and
binds to receptors on another cell; two or
more cells

Answer 5

Intercellular

Question 6

Enumerate the 5 types of Intercellular signal

Answer 6

Autocrine
Paracrine
Neurotransmitter and neuromodulators
Pheromones
Hormones and neurohormones

Question 7

Intercellular; released by cells
and a have local effect on the same cell
type

Answer 7

Autocrine

Question 8

Intercellular; released by cells that affect
other cell types in close proximity

Answer 8

Paracrine

Question 9

Intercellular; secreted by nerve
cells

Answer 9

Neurotransmitter and
neuromodulators

Question 10

Intercellular; secreted into the
environment and modify the behavior
and physiology of another individual in
the same species; it has a distinct
permanent smell

Answer 10

Pheromones

Question 11

Intercellular; secreted into blood and bind to receptor sites

Answer 11

Hormones and neurohormones

Question 12

Eicosanoids is an example of this

Answer 12

Autocrine and paracrine

Question 13

Somatostatin is an example of this

Answer 13

Paracrine

Question 14

Epinephrine and insulin are example of what?

Answer 14

Hormones (and neurohormones)

Epinephrine is also an example of neurotransmitter

Question 15

a molecule that is released
in one part of the body but regulates
the activity of cells in other parts of the
body.

Answer 15

Hormone

Question 16

location on a cell where
hormone binds (lock)

Answer 16

Receptor site

Question 17

a group of cells that respond to
specific hormones

Answer 17

Target tissues

Question 18

specific hormones bind to specific
receptor sites

Answer 18

Specificity

Question 19

T or F; Hormones only bind in specific receptor sites

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Where do hormones bind to lock?

Answer 20

Receptor site

Question 21

Two types of hormones according to solubility

Answer 21

Water soluble
Lipid hormones/Lipid soluble

Question 22

What type of hormone does not need a membrane-bound receptor upon entrance to semipermeable membrane?

Answer 22

Lipid soluble

Question 23

T of F; Lipid-soluble hormones bind to cytoplasmic
receptors and travel to the nucleus or bind to
nuclear receptors.

Answer 23

T

Question 24

tells the body when
homeostasis is reached (to stimulate or inhibit
hormones)

Answer 24

Negative Feedback

Question 25

excessive levels of hormones in the blood stream cause decreased secretion

Answer 25

Negative Feedback

Question 26

increase the secretion due to low hormones

Answer 26

Positive Feedback

Question 27

T or F; Lipid Soluble Hormones bind to Membrane-Bound Receptors

Answer 27

F (They bind to Nuclear Receptors; they don't need the Membrane-Bound)

Question 28

What type of hormones need membrane-bound receptors

Answer 28

Water soluble hormones

Question 29

Called the master gland

Answer 29

Pituitary gland

Question 30

What controls the pituitary gland

Answer 30

Hypothalamus

Question 31

What bone protects the pituitary gland

Answer 31

Sphenoid bone

Question 32

T or F; pineal gland is anterior to pituitary gland

Answer 32

F

Question 33

2 regions of pituitary gland

Answer 33

Anterior and Posterior

Question 34

3 ways to secrete hormone

Answer 34

- direct control - indirect control - direct release of hormones

Question 35

Enumerate the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 35

Human Growth Hormone (Somatotropin) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (Thyrotropin) Luteinizing Hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Prolactin Lab discussion (may additional hormones na nabanggit dun idk) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (Corticotropin) Melanocyte-stimulting Hormone

Question 36

What hormone stimulates growth of bones, muscles, and organs

Answer 36

Growth Hormone

Question 37

Target tissues of growth hormone

Answer 37

Most

Question 38

Target tissue of TSH

Answer 38

Thyroid gland

Question 39

What hormone regulates thyroid gland secretions

Answer 39

TSH

Question 40

What happens when there's too much TSH

Answer 40

Thyroid gland enlarges

Question 41

What happens when there's too little TSH

Answer 41

Thyroid gland shrinks

Question 42

3 gonadotropin hormones for females secreted by the anterior pituitary

Answer 42

LH FSH Prolactin

Question 43

Gonadotropin that promotes ovulation and progesterone production

Answer 43

LH for females

Question 44

Gonadotropin that promotes follicle maturation and estrogen secretion

Answer 44

FSH for females

Question 45

Gonadotropin that promote milk production

Answer 45

Prolactin

Question 46

Target tissues of LH in female

Answer 46

Ovaries

Question 47

Target tissues of FSH in females

Answer 47

Follices in ovaries

Question 48

LH for males target tissue

Answer 48

Testes

Question 49

FSH for males target tissues

Answer 49

Seminiferous tubules

Question 50

Gonadotropin that promotes sperm production and testosterone

Answer 50

LH for males

Question 51

Gonadotropin that promotes sperm producton

Answer 51

FSH for males

Question 52

Target tissues of prolactin

Answer 52

Mammary glands and overies

Question 53

Hormones that posterior pituitaty gland secretes

Answer 53

Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) o Vasopressin

Question 54

Target tissues of ADH

Answer 54

kidneys

Question 55

Function of ADH

Answer 55

Conserve water

Question 56

Target tissue of oxytocin

Answer 56

Uterus (ANALAB says it's uterus and mammary glands)

Question 57

Hormone that increases uterine contractions during child labor

Answer 57

Oxytocin

Question 58

Responsible for milk ejection

Answer 58

Oxytocin

Question 59

Four parts of thyroid gland

Answer 59

Pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland Right lateral lobe of thyroid gland Left lateral lobe of thyroid gland Isthmus of thyroid gland

Question 60

2 types of hormones secreted by the thyroid gland (ANALAB)

Answer 60

T3 (Triiodothyronine) & T4 (Thyroxine) Calcitonin

Question 61

Thyroid gland required ______ to function

Answer 61

Iodine

Question 62

Regulates metabolic rates and is needed for growth

Answer 62

Thyroid hormone

Question 63

Iodine-containing hormone secreted by thyroid follicle

Answer 63

Thyroxine (T4)

Question 64

Iodine-containing hormone that required conversion of T4 at target tissues

Answer 64

Triidothyronine

Question 65

Two common abnormalities relating to thyroid gland

Answer 65

Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism

Question 66

● Decreased metabolism ● Weight gain, reduced appetite, fatigue ● Low temp. and pulse ● Dry, cold skin

Answer 66

Hypothyroidsm

Question 67

What is hypothyroidism called in adults

Answer 67

Myxedema

Question 68

What is hypothyroidism called in infants

Answer 68

Cretinism

Question 69

● Increased metabolism ● Weight loss, increased appetite, nervousness ● Higher temp. and pulse ● Warm, flushed skin

Answer 69

Hyperthyroidism

Question 70

What hormone is secreted when blood Ca2+ levels are high or elevated

Answer 70

Calcitonin

Question 71

Target tissue of calcitonin

Answer 71

Bone

Question 72

What hormone is antagonistic to calcitonin

Answer 72

Parathyroid hormone (increases calcium)

Question 73

What are the target tissues of parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 73

Bone and kidney

Question 74

regulates blood Ca2+ levels (more than calcitonin) stimulates osteoclasts to remove CA from bone stimulate the kidneys and intestine to absorb more calcium

Answer 74

PTH

Question 75

2 regions of adrenal gland

Answer 75

Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla

Question 76

Which region of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine/norepinephrine

Answer 76

Adrenal medulla

Question 77

Hormone released as part of fight or flight response

Answer 77

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

Question 78

Target tissues of epinephrine/norepinephrine

Answer 78

heart, blood vessels, liver, fat cell

Question 79

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex

Answer 79

Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone) Glucocorticoids (Cortisol) Androgens

Question 80

Hormone directly involved in blood pressure and volume regulation

Answer 80

Aldosterone

Question 81

Hormone that causes Na+ and H2O to be retained and K+ to be secreted

Answer 81

Aldosterone

Question 82

Target tissue of aldosterone

Answer 82

Kidneys

Question 83

▪ increases breakdown of fat and protein for energy uses ▪ reduces inflammatory and immune responses

Answer 83

Cortisol

Question 84

Target tissues of cortisol

Answer 84

fat, protein and muscle

Question 85

Functions: Males: secondary sexual characteristics Females: sex drive

Answer 85

Andorgens

Question 86

Target tissues of Androgens

Answer 86

Most

Question 87

Hormones that the pancreas secrete

Answer 87

Insulin Glucagon Somatostatin Pancreatic Polypeptide

Question 88

What cells secrete insulin

Answer 88

Beta cells of Pancreatic Islets

Question 89

What cells secrete glucagon

Answer 89

Alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans

Question 90

extra glucose is stored in the form of ________

Answer 90

glycogen teh

Question 91

Target tissues of insulin

Answer 91

Liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue

Question 92

When glucose levels are high, what is secreted

Answer 92

Insulin madam

Question 93

Target tissue of glucagon

Answer 93

Liver

Question 94

When glucose levels are low, what is secreted

Answer 94

Glucagon

Question 95

Term for glycogen being broken down

Answer 95

Glycogenolysis eyyy

Question 96

Type of diabetes mellitus; Insulin dependent; daily injections required

Answer 96

Type I

Question 97

Type of diabetes mellitus; nsulin independent, often found in obese people can be treated with diet and treated with hypoglycemic agents

Answer 97

Type kita EYYYYYYYYYYYY Type II teh

Question 98

Hormone that Testes produce

Answer 98

Testosterone

Question 99

aids in sperm and reproductive organ development and function

Answer 99

Testosterone

Question 100

▪ responsible for adult male secondary sex characterisics ▪ promotes grown and maturation of male reproductive system ▪ required for sperm cell production

Answer 100

Testosterone

Question 101

Hormones ovaries secrete

Answer 101

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 102

What specifically produces estrogen

Answer 102

Graafian follices or placenta

Question 103

stimulates the development of secondary female reproductive organs; prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg

Answer 103

Estrogen

Question 104

What specifically produces progesterone

Answer 104

Corpus luteum (found in ovaries)

Question 105

acts with estrogen to bring about the menstrual cycle; helps in the implantation of an embryo in the uterus

Answer 105

Progesterone

Question 106

Located posterior to the sternum; largest in infants and children

Answer 106

Thymus gland

Question 107

What hormone is secreted by the thymus gland

Answer 107

Thymosin

Question 108

Target tissues of thymosin

Answer 108

Immune system tissues

Question 109

Hormone that promotes immune system development and function

Answer 109

Thymosin

Question 110

What hormone does the pineal gland secretes

Answer 110

Melatonin

Question 111

Target tissue of melatonin

Answer 111

Hypothalamus

Question 112

Hormone that plays a role in the onset of puberty controls; cicardian rhythms light affects it functional; sleep wake cyle

Answer 112

Melatonin