Endocrine System Flashcards by Logan Dowlen

signal makers and senders of the endocrine system

glands

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directs activity of the pituitary gland to release hormones

hypothalamus

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makes hormones that affects metabolism and controls calcium levels

thyroid gland

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sends hormones that help balance blood sugar levels

pancreas

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fight or flight hormone, secreted by adrenal gland, medulla

adrenaline, epinephrine

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male hormone

testosterone

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female hormone

estrogen

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aden/o

gland

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adren/o, adrenal/o

adrenal gland (kidney)

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pancreat/o

pancreas

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pituitar/o, hypophys/p

pituitary gland

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thym/o

thymus

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thyr/o, thyroid

thyroid

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stimulates outer part of adrenal gland

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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stimulates thyroid gland

thyrotropin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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stimulates gonads

gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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growth hormone made by pituitary gland

prolactin

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hormone that encourages the uptake of calcium in the blood into bone

calcitonin

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hormone that keeps level of calcium in the blood from getting too low by releasing calcium from bones into the blood

parathyroid hormone

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decreases blood sugar levels, hormone secreted by pancreas that controls metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats

insulin

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increases blood sugar levels

glucagon

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glucose levels in blood

glycemia

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high glucose levels

hyperglycemia

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low glucose levels

hypoglycemia

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normal glucose levels

euglycemia

sugar in the urine

glucosuria

ketones

ketonuria

gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

sugar

crin/o

to secrete

-tropin

stimulating hormone

-emia

blood condition

-uria

urine condition

abnormal enlargement of the extremities

acromegaly

development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland

adrenal virilism

protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket

exophthalmos

swollen thyroid gland

goiter

swelling of the skin caused by deposits under the skin

myxedema

abnormally short height caused by undersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

pituitary dwarfism

abnormally tall height caused by oversecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

pituitary gigantism

excessive thirst

polydipsia

excessive urination

polyuria

presence of urinary waste in blood

uremia

shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone

corticotropin

to secrete internally

endocrine

specialist in internal secretions

endocrinologist

normal functioning thyroid

euthyroid

inflammation of a gland

adenitis

glandular tumor on pituitary gland

adenoma

tumor that secretes insulin

insulinoma

inflammation of the adrenal gland

adrenalitis

metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia

diabetes mellitus

overproduction of the parathyroid glands

hyperparathyroidism

overfunctioning of the pituitary gland

hyperpituitarism

overproduction by the thyroid

hyperthyroidism

underproduction by the parathyroid

hypoparathyroidism

undersecretion of the pituitary gland

hypopituitarism

underproduction by the thyroid

hypothyroidism

inflammation of the pancreas

pancreatitis

defective of absent function of the entire pituitary gland

panhypopituitarism

inflammation of the thyroid

thyroiditis

condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone; thyroid storm

thyrotoxicosis

removal of a gland

adenectomy

removal of adrenal gland

adrenalectomy

removal of pituitary gland

hypophysectomy

removal of pancreas

pancreatectomy

removal of parathyroid

parathyroidectomy

removal of thymus

thymectomy

tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid

thyroid function tests

removal of thyroid

thyroidectomy

incision into the thyroid

thyroidotomy

substance poisonous to the thyroid gland

thyroidotoxin

condition in women where there is an excessive growth of dark/coarse hair in a male-like pattern

hirsutism

overproduction of hormones in the gonads

hypergonadism

increase of breast gland tissue in males

gynecomastia

absence of menstruation

amenorrhea

first menstruation

menarche

breast development in females

thelarche

excessive eating

polyphagia

chloride in the blood

chloremia

excessive potassium in the blood

hyperkalemia

excessive sodium in the blood

hypernatremia

the generation/creation of glucose

gluconeogenesis

breaking down glucose into pyruvate

glucolysis

malignant tumor on a gland

adenocarcinoma

triiodothyronine

thyroxine