Endocrine system

Question 1

3 functions

Answer 1

1) help maintain homeostasis 2)acts with nervous system to respond to stress 3) regulator of growth and development

Question 2

gland

Answer 2

cluster of cells specialized to secrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs

Question 3

endocrine gland

Answer 3

organs whose secretion are released directly into circulatory system - Ductless

Question 4

exocrine gland

Answer 4

secrete substances through ducts e.g sweat glands

Question 5

categories of hormone messages

Answer 5

1) regulation- homeostasis 2) response- respond to changes in envoir 3) reproductive 4) growth & development

Question 6

endocrine hormones - peptide hormones

Answer 6

peptide hormones binds to receptor of cell surface, 2nd messenger appears in cytoplasm, this triggers signal transduction leading to cellular responses

Question 7

steroid hormones

Answer 7

synthesised from cholesterol and pass through
cell membrane and bind to steroid hormone receptors to bring changes to cell

Question 8

binding domains -sh

Answer 8

Amino-terminus - activates transcription by interacting with other components
DNA binding domain - aa responsible for binding of the receptor to specific sequences of dna
carboxyl terminus - binds hormone

Question 9

hormone metabolism

Answer 9

by target cell, endocytosis and lysosomal enzymes, proteolytic enzymes in blood and liver

Question 10

positive feedback loop

Answer 10

makes the gland produce more of its hormone

Question 11

negative feedback loop

Answer 11

makes gland produce less of its hormone

Question 12

thyroid gland

Answer 12

2 hormones - tri-iodothyronine(t3) , thyroxine(t4). function is to regulate cell metabolism

Question 13

pituitary gland

Answer 13

secretes 9 hormones - oxytocin, prolactin, ADH,ACTH, TSH,GH,FSH, LH, MSH. regulated by hypothalamus

Question 14

calcitonin

Answer 14

lowers blood calcium inhibits release of calcium from bone

Question 15

parathyroid hormone

Answer 15

increases blood calcium- promotes release from bone, stimulates kidneys to reabsorb calcium from urine, stimulates intestine to absorb more from digested food

Question 16

adrenal glands 1 - Adrenal cortex

Answer 16

1) mineralocorticoids - regulate levels of Na, K, most important aldosterone
2)Glucocorticoids - affect glucose metabolism, manufactured from non-carb source

Question 17

2 - Adrenal medulla

Answer 17

hormone Adrenaline, causes heart rate to fasten , increases blood glucose, promotes protein and lipid synthesis

Question 18

pancreas- endo, exo functions

Answer 18

endocrine- secretes insulin and glucagon, insulin decreases blood glucose, glucagon increases blood glucose
exocrine- secretes digestive enzymes ions and water into duodenum