human anatomy

Question 1

events that result in impulse

Answer 1

depolarization, repolarization , recovery

Question 2

antibodies

Answer 2

proteins that protect against foreign substances

Question 3

B lymphocytes

Answer 3

create antibody

Question 4

amylase

Answer 4

starch- maltose

Question 5

maltase

Answer 5

maltose- glucose

Question 6

pepsin

Answer 6

protein- polypeptide

Question 7

lipase

Answer 7

triglycride - glycrol and fatty acid

Question 8

facilitated diffusion

Answer 8

along a conc gradient from high conc to low conc and does not require energy

Question 9

active transport

Answer 9

against conc gradient from low conc to high conc and requires energy

Question 10

protein in urine

Answer 10

damaged kidneys, diet, dydration

Question 11

A positive

Answer 11

contains type A antigens with the presence of a protein Rh

Question 12

what happens if given wrong blood type

Answer 12

antibodies will attack& destroy the foreign red cells causing transfusion reaction

Question 13

4 categories of BMI

Answer 13

less than 18.5 - underweight, 18.5-25 healthy, 25 -30 overweight, 30- obese

Question 14

when should BMI not be used

Answer 14

short, tall ppl and muscle build

Question 15

positive control & negative

Answer 15

positive is used to interpret the correct result and negative if it goes wrong

Question 16

4 functions of kidneys

Answer 16

removes waste, control blood pressure, make red blood cells, control ph levels.

Question 17

AB positive

Answer 17

can receive RBC from any blood type

Question 18

O negative

Answer 18

any blood type can receive it

Question 19

large intestine

Answer 19

absorbing water, producing & absorbing vitimins, forming faeces towards the rectum

Question 20

functions of urinary system

Answer 20

removes waste products & balances body fluids, release hormones to regulate blood pressure, control production of RBC

Question 21

hormones produced by kidney

Answer 21

Vit D, erythropoietin, renin

Question 22

arterioles

Answer 22

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Question 23

how are blood calcium levels regulated

Answer 23

paratyroid hormones regulates calcium levels in blood by increasing levels when too low

Question 24

secondary endocrine glands

Answer 24

hypothalamus & pituitary gland, tyroid.

Question 25

factors that influence o2 binding to haemaglobin

Answer 25

temperature, ph

Question 26

function of hormone thyroxine

Answer 26

metabolism, heart & muscle health, digestive, bone

Question 27

digestive hormones

Answer 27

gastrin- tells stomach secrete hydrochloric acid
secretin- release of bicarbonate

Question 28

compact tissue

Answer 28

hard outer layers of bones minimal gaps and spaces

Question 29

spongy

Answer 29

fills the interior of bones

Question 30

osteoblasts

Answer 30

form new bones & add growth to existing tissue

Question 31

osteoclasts

Answer 31

dissolve old bone tissue and replace with new

Question 32

osteocytes

Answer 32

important role in all aspects of bone function, contain nucleas and cytoplasm

Question 33

layers of the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 33

1. mucosa- innermost layer that lines the lumen 2. submucosa- formed of loose connective tissue 3. muscularis- smooth muscle 4. serosa- connective tissue

Question 34

first line of defence (non-specific)

Answer 34

skin, earwax, tears , saliva

Question 35

2nd line of defence

Answer 35

cells ingest and destroy all microbes that pass into the body tissue

Question 36

adaptive vs innate

Answer 36

resistance to infection, results in production of antibodies and T cells. Innate- protects against all antigens barriers that prevent harmful materials from entering your body.

Question 37

lymphocytes in the immune system

Answer 37

help every antigen it comes in contact with. fight cancer and foreign antigens

Question 38

3 phases of ovarian cycle

Answer 38

follicular phase- follicle inside an ovary prepares to release egg. ovulation- egg is released. luteal phase- estrogen and progesterone are produced

Question 39

t- lymphocytes

Answer 39

get rid off infected or cancerous cells

Question 40

natural killer cells

Answer 40

white blood cells that destroy infected cells

Question 41

meiosis

Answer 41

cell devision that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half & produces 4 gamete cells

Question 42

mitosis

Answer 42

two daughter cells each having the same number of chromo as the parent nucleas

Question 43

action potential

Answer 43

a rapid change in polarity across the membrane

Question 44

neurotransmitters

Answer 44

chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synapse from one neuron to another

Question 45

hormones

Answer 45

chemical messengers produced in one part of the body with an effect on the other

Question 46

endocrine glands

Answer 46

pituitary, adrenal, tyroid, pancreas, hypothalamus

Question 47

structural component of neuron

Answer 47

dendrite, exon and cellbody

Question 48

endocrine hormones

Answer 48

peptide, steroid

Question 49

enzyme

Answer 49

a protein that helps speed up metabolism
digestive enzymes- amylase and starch

Question 50

body mass index

Answer 50

measure if someone is over or underweight, dividing their weight in kilograms by the square of their height in metres

Question 51

basal metabolic rate

Answer 51

rate the body uses energy while resting to maintain vital functions

Question 52

5 types of white blood cells

Answer 52

monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophiles, eosinophiles

Question 53

hormonal control of the ovarian cycle

Answer 53

the pituitary gland is stimulated by the gnrh to produce LH and FSH

Question 54

inflammotory response

Answer 54

redness, swelling, heat, pain

Question 55

antigen

Answer 55

substance that causes the body to make antibodies against it

Question 56

myoglobin

Answer 56

carries o2 to muscle