Endocrine System

Question 1

Is the system of glands, each of which secretes a type of hormone into the bloodstream to regulate the body. It is relatively small.

Answer 1

Endocrine System

Question 2

Are chemical messengers that have many different functions.

Answer 2

Hormones

Question 3

Some familiar examples of _______ include insulin, thyroid hormone, and cortisol.

Answer 3

Hormones

Question 4

Are ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood.

Answer 4

Endocrine Glands

Question 5

The hypothalamus and pituitary glands are ______________ organs.

Answer 5

Neuroendocrine

Question 6

Major hormones — anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin and various hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland
Influences - nervous and hormonal systems

Answer 6

Hypothalamus

Question 7

Major hormones — luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), oxytocin, anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
Influences — reproduction, growth, childbirth, breastfeeding, hormone regulation

Answer 7

Pituitary Gland

Question 8

Major hormones — melatonin
Influences — sleep cycle

Answer 8

Pineal Gland

Question 9

Major hormones — tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), calcitonin
Influence — metabolism, bone health

Answer 9

Thyroid Gland

Question 10

Major hormones — parathyroid hormone
Influences — calcium and vitamin D regulation

Answer 10

Parathyroid Gland

Question 11

Major hormones — adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, aldosterone
Influences — stress response and blood pressure/salt control

Answer 11

Adrenal Glands

Question 12

Major hormones — insulin, glucagon, somatostatin
Influences — blood sugar control

Answer 12

Pancreas

Question 13

Major hormones — oestrogen, progesterone
Influences — female characteristics

Answer 13

Ovaries

Question 14

Major hormones — testosterone
Influences — male characteristics

Answer 14

Testes

Question 15

Specialized nerve cells capable of
synthesizing and secreting hormones.

Answer 15

Neurosecretory Cells

Question 16

Most of the chemicals functioning as hormones in invertebrates are neurosecretions called _____________.

Answer 16

Neuropeptides

Question 17

Insect physiologists discovered that molting and metamorphosis are controlled by the interaction of these two hormones.

Answer 17

Molting Hormone or Ecdysone - Juvenile Hormone

Question 18

It acts directly as a gene regulatory protein to set in motion changes that result in molting. Favors growth differentiation of adult structures.

Answer 18

Molting Hormone or Ecdysone

Question 19

Favors dev’t of juvenile characteristics. Maintenance of larval or nymphal characteristics during development.

Answer 19

Juvenile Hormone

Question 20

They have no endocrine glands; also do not have
neurosecretory cells.

Answer 20

Porifera

Question 21

Their nerve cells have growth promoting hormone that stimulates budding, regeneration and growth.

Answer 21

Cnidarians

Question 22

Their cells are found in the cerebral ganglion and major nerve cords. The neuropeptides function in regeneration, asexual reproduction and gonad maturation.

Answer 22

Platyhelminthes

Question 23

The neuropeptide that this ganglia produces controls gonadal development and water balance.

Answer 23

Nemerteans

Question 24

Neurosecretory cells are associated with the central nervous system. The neuropeptide that the nerve cell produces controls ecdysis of the old cuticle.

Answer 24

Nematodes

Question 25

Their CNS are filled with neurosecretory cells. Neuropeptides produced from these cells help regulate heart rate, kidney function and energy metabolism.

Answer 25

Mollusks

Question 26

Their endocrine system is a well-developed system that is involved in morphogenesis, development, growth, regeneration and gonadal maturation.

Answer 26

Annelids

Question 27

The endocrine system of complex __________ like insects and crustacean regulate growth, maturation and production.

Answer 27

Arthropods

Question 28

In the endocrine system of __________ like crayfish, they control functions such as ecdysis (molting), sex determination and color changes.

Answer 28

Crustacean

Question 29

What are the 2 types of glands of vertebrates?

Answer 29

Exocrine and Endocrine Glands

Question 29

Secrete Chemicals into ducts that empty into body cavities or Surfaces (mammary, Salivary and Sweat glands).

Answer 29

Exocrine Gland

Question 30

Have no ducts; Secrete chemical messengers called hormones instead directly into the tissue space next to each endocrine cell.

Answer 30

Endocrine Gland

Question 31

Endocrine glands have no ducts; Secrete chemical messengers called ________ instead directly into the tissue space next to each endocrine cell.

Answer 31

Hormones

Question 32

Produces melatonin; controls variations in skin color.

Answer 32

Pineal Glands

Question 33

Produces prolactin; stimulates reproductive migrations in animals, causes brooding behavior in fishes, helps control water and salt balances, etc.

Answer 33

Pituitary Glands

Question 34

In the neck on the ventral side of the pharynx in all vertebrates; shape varies among vertebrates: may be a single structure or it may have several lobes.

Answer 34

Thyroid Glands

Question 35

Produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which control the rate of metabolism, growth, and tissue differentiation in vertebrates.

Answer 35

Thyroid Glands

Question 36

Regulates metabolism and concentration of blood sugar. Defense responses to infection or Tissue injury.

Answer 36

Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)

Question 37

Maintains concentration of solutes. Major role in maintaining the homeostasis of extracellular fluid.

Answer 37

Aldosterone

Question 38

These are the weak male hormones.

Answer 38

Androgens

Question 39

During stress, excitement or emergency, contributes to the overall mobilization of the body through the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 39

Adrenal Medulla

Question 40

Responsible for the fight or flight responses.

Answer 40

Adrenal Medulla

Question 41

What are the 2 neurosecretory cells of adrenal medulla which control heart rate and carbohydrate metabolism?

Answer 41

Epinephrine (adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (noradreline)

Question 42

As Endocrine Gland – synthesizes, stores and secretes hormones from clusters of cells called pancreatic cells.

Answer 42

Pancreas

Question 42

Functions both as an Exocrine (to secrete digestive enzymes) and Endocrine gland.

Answer 42

Pancreas

Question 43

Secrete hormones that help regulate reproductive functions.

Answer 43

Gonads

Question 44

What are the 4 major classes of ovarian hormones that help regulate female reproductive organs?

Answer 44

Estrogen, Progestin, Relaxin, Inhibin

Question 45

Regulate menstrual and estrus cycle; development of mammary glands and other female secondary sexual characteristics.

Answer 45

Estrogen

Question 46

Also regulate menstrual and estrus cycle; Development of mammary glands and formation of placenta during pregnancy.

Answer 46

Progestin

Question 47

Softens the opening of the uterus at the time of delivery.

Answer 47

Relaxin

Question 48

Inhibits the secretion of FSH.

Answer 48

Inhibin