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General Zoology (Lec) > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Is the system of glands, each of which secretes a type of hormone into the bloodstream to regulate the body. It is relatively small.

A

Endocrine System

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2
Q

Are chemical messengers that have many different functions.

A

Hormones

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3
Q

Some familiar examples of _______ include insulin, thyroid hormone, and cortisol.

A

Hormones

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4
Q

Are ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood.

A

Endocrine Glands

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5
Q

The hypothalamus and pituitary glands are ______________ organs.

A

Neuroendocrine

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6
Q

Major hormones — anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin and various hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland
Influences - nervous and hormonal systems

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

Major hormones — luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), oxytocin, anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
Influences — reproduction, growth, childbirth, breastfeeding, hormone regulation

A

Pituitary Gland

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8
Q

Major hormones — melatonin
Influences — sleep cycle

A

Pineal Gland

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9
Q

Major hormones — tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), calcitonin
Influence — metabolism, bone health

A

Thyroid Gland

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10
Q

Major hormones — parathyroid hormone
Influences — calcium and vitamin D regulation

A

Parathyroid Gland

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11
Q

Major hormones — adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, aldosterone
Influences — stress response and blood pressure/salt control

A

Adrenal Glands

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12
Q

Major hormones — insulin, glucagon, somatostatin
Influences — blood sugar control

A

Pancreas

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13
Q

Major hormones — oestrogen, progesterone
Influences — female characteristics

A

Ovaries

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14
Q

Major hormones — testosterone
Influences — male characteristics

A

Testes

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15
Q

Specialized nerve cells capable of
synthesizing and secreting hormones.

A

Neurosecretory Cells

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16
Q

Most of the chemicals functioning as hormones in invertebrates are neurosecretions called _____________.

A

Neuropeptides

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17
Q

Insect physiologists discovered that molting and metamorphosis are controlled by the interaction of these two hormones.

A

Molting Hormone or Ecdysone - Juvenile Hormone

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18
Q

It acts directly as a gene regulatory protein to set in motion changes that result in molting. Favors growth differentiation of adult structures.

A

Molting Hormone or Ecdysone

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19
Q

Favors dev’t of juvenile characteristics. Maintenance of larval or nymphal characteristics during development.

A

Juvenile Hormone

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20
Q

They have no endocrine glands; also do not have
neurosecretory cells.

A

Porifera

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21
Q

Their nerve cells have growth promoting hormone that stimulates budding, regeneration and growth.

A

Cnidarians

22
Q

Their cells are found in the cerebral ganglion and major nerve cords. The neuropeptides function in regeneration, asexual reproduction and gonad maturation.

A

Platyhelminthes

23
Q

The neuropeptide that this ganglia produces controls gonadal development and water balance.

A

Nemerteans

24
Q

Neurosecretory cells are associated with the central nervous system. The neuropeptide that the nerve cell produces controls ecdysis of the old cuticle.

A

Nematodes

25
Q

Their CNS are filled with neurosecretory cells. Neuropeptides produced from these cells help regulate heart rate, kidney function and energy metabolism.

A

Mollusks

26
Q

Their endocrine system is a well-developed system that is involved in morphogenesis, development, growth, regeneration and gonadal maturation.

A

Annelids

27
Q

The endocrine system of complex __________ like insects and crustacean regulate growth, maturation and production.

A

Arthropods

28
Q

In the endocrine system of __________ like crayfish, they control functions such as ecdysis (molting), sex determination and color changes.

A

Crustacean

29
Q

What are the 2 types of glands of vertebrates?

A

Exocrine and Endocrine Glands

29
Q

Secrete Chemicals into ducts that empty into body cavities or Surfaces (mammary, Salivary and Sweat glands).

A

Exocrine Gland

30
Q

Have no ducts; Secrete chemical messengers called hormones instead directly into the tissue space next to each endocrine cell.

A

Endocrine Gland

31
Q

Endocrine glands have no ducts; Secrete chemical messengers called ________ instead directly into the tissue space next to each endocrine cell.

A

Hormones

32
Q

Produces melatonin; controls variations in skin color.

A

Pineal Glands

33
Q

Produces prolactin; stimulates reproductive migrations in animals, causes brooding behavior in fishes, helps control water and salt balances, etc.

A

Pituitary Glands

34
Q

In the neck on the ventral side of the pharynx in all vertebrates; shape varies among vertebrates: may be a single structure or it may have several lobes.

A

Thyroid Glands

35
Q

Produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which control the rate of metabolism, growth, and tissue differentiation in vertebrates.

A

Thyroid Glands

36
Q

Regulates metabolism and concentration of blood sugar. Defense responses to infection or Tissue injury.

A

Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)

37
Q

Maintains concentration of solutes. Major role in maintaining the homeostasis of extracellular fluid.

A

Aldosterone

38
Q

These are the weak male hormones.

A

Androgens

39
Q

During stress, excitement or emergency, contributes to the overall mobilization of the body through the sympathetic nervous system.

A

Adrenal Medulla

40
Q

Responsible for the fight or flight responses.

A

Adrenal Medulla

41
Q

What are the 2 neurosecretory cells of adrenal medulla which control heart rate and carbohydrate metabolism?

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (noradreline)

42
Q

As Endocrine Gland – synthesizes, stores and secretes hormones from clusters of cells called pancreatic cells.

A

Pancreas

42
Q

Functions both as an Exocrine (to secrete digestive enzymes) and Endocrine gland.

A

Pancreas

43
Q

Secrete hormones that help regulate reproductive functions.

A

Gonads

44
Q

What are the 4 major classes of ovarian hormones that help regulate female reproductive organs?

A

Estrogen, Progestin, Relaxin, Inhibin

45
Q

Regulate menstrual and estrus cycle; development of mammary glands and other female secondary sexual characteristics.

A

Estrogen

46
Q

Also regulate menstrual and estrus cycle; Development of mammary glands and formation of placenta during pregnancy.

A

Progestin

47
Q

Softens the opening of the uterus at the time of delivery.

A

Relaxin

48
Q

Inhibits the secretion of FSH.

A

Inhibin

General Zoology (Lec) (18 decks)

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