Endocrine System Flashcards
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroid hormones (also called corticotropin)
aldosterone
The hormone produced and secreted by the adrenal cortex that stimulates sodium and fluid retention and increases blood volume and blood pressure. (A type of mineralocorticoid)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The hypothalamic hormone that is stored by the posterior pituitary and that signals the kidneys to reabsorb water calcitonin: peptide hormone produced and secreted by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland that functions to decrease blood calcium levels; a chemical produced in the brain that causes the kidneys to release less water, decreasing the amount of urine produced
cortisol
glucocorticoid is important in gluconeogenesis, the catabolism of glycogen, and the downregulation of the immune system
epinephrine
primary and most potent catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to short-term stress; also called adrenal
estrogens
class of predominantly female sex hormones necessary for the development and growth of the female reproductive tract, secondary sex characteristics, the female reproductive cycle, and the maintenance of pregnancy
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the production and maturation of sex cell
glucagon
pancreatic hormone that stimulates the catabolism of glycogen to glucose, thereby increasing blood glucose level
glucocorticoids
Hormones produced by the zona fasciculate of the adrenal cortex that influence glucose metabolism
gonadotropin
hormones that regulate the function of the gonads
growth hormone (GH)
anterior pituitary hormone that promotes tissue building and influences nutrient metabolism (also called somatotropin
inhibin
hormone secreted by the male and female gonads that inhibits FSH production by the anterior pituitary
insulin
Pancreatic hormone that enhances the cellular uptake and utilization of glucose, thereby decreasing blood glucose levels
luteinizing hormone (LH
The anterior pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation, the production of ovarian hormones, and the production of testosterone
melatonin
Amino acid-derived hormone that is secreted in response to low light and causes drowsiness
mineralocorticoids
Hormones produced by the zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex that influence fluid and electrolyte balance
norepinephrine
secondary catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to short-term stress, also called noradrenalin (there is EPINEPHRINE, and NOREpinephrine)
oxytocin
hypothalamic hormone stored in the posterior pituitary gland and essential in stimulating uterine contractions in labor, milk ejection during breastfeeding, and feelings of attachment (produced by males and females)
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
peptide hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium level; helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. When calcium levels are low, the parathyroid glands release PTH, which tells the body to release calcium from bones and absorb more calcium from food. When calcium levels are high, the parathyroid glands stop producing PTH.
pineal gland
Endocrine gland that secretes melatonin, which is important in regulating the sleep-wake cycle
pituitary gland
bean-sized organ suspended from the hypothalamus that produces, stores, and secretes hormones in response to hypothalamic stimulation (also called hypophysis)
progesterone
predominantly female sex hormone important in regulating the female reproductive cycle and the maintenance of pregnancy
prolactin (PRL)
Anterior pituitary hormone that promotes the development of the mammary glands and the production of breast milk
testosterone
steroid hormone secreted by the testes and essential in the maturation of sperm cells, growth and development of the reproductive system, and the development of secondary sex characteristics
