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Anatomy and Physiology > Exam-2 > Flashcards

Exam-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the term for a raised scar caused by the overproduction of collagen?

Keloid

Atrophic scar

Acne scar

Stretch mark

A

Keloid

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2
Q

What hormone stimulates bone resorption and increases blood calcium levels?

Calcitonin

Growth hormone

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Estrogen

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

What is the term for a raised scar caused by overproduction of collagen?

Keloid

Atrophic scar

Acne scar

Stretch mark

A

Keloid

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5
Q

What hormone stimulates bone resorption and increases blood calcium levels?

Calcitonin

Growth hormone

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Estrogen

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

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6
Q

Which of the following is classified as a true rib?
Rib 8

Rib 10

Rib 5

Rib 12

A

Rib 5

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7
Q

The ilium is part of which structure?

Rib cage

Vertebral column

Pelvis

Shoulder girdle

A

Pelvis

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8
Q

What is the shallow depression on the scapula that articulates with the humerus?

Acromion

Glenoid cavity

Infraglenoid tubercle

Subscapular fossa

A

Glenoid cavity

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9
Q

Which structure in muscle cells stores calcium ions?

Sarcolemma

Myofibril

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

How many bones form the adult vertebral column?

20

24

30

34

A

24

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11
Q

Which region of the vertebral column contains the most vertebrae?

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

A

Thoracic

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12
Q

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?

Facilitates movement

Produces hormones

Destroys pathogens

Produces enzymes

A

Facilitates movement

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13
Q

Match the following types of bones with their descriptions:

____
Typically cube-shaped, being approximately equal in length, width, and thickness.

____
Have complex shapes that don’t fit into other categories like vertebrae

____
Thin and often curved, like the sternum.

____
Longer than they are wide, primarily involved in movement and support.

A

Short Bones
Irregular Bones
Flat Bones
Long Bones

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14
Q

Which bone is part of the axial skeleton?

Femur

Clavicle

Sternum

Pelvis

A

Sternum

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15
Q

What type of movement is supination?

Rotating the forearm so the palm is facing downward

Rotating the forearm so the palm is facing upward

Flexing the wrist

Extending the wrist

A

Rotating the forearm so the palm is facing upward

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16
Q

What is the primary function of red bone marrow?

Produces blood cells

Stores minerals

Protects vital organs

Synthesizes hormones

A

Produces blood cells

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17
Q

During muscle contraction, the power stroke occurs when:

Myosin heads pull the actin filaments

Actin binds to ATP

Calcium binds to myosin

Myosin releases AD

A

Myosin heads pull the actin filaments

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18
Q

Which of the following describes abduction?

Moving a limb toward the midline of the body

Bending a joint to decrease the angle between two bones

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

Rotating a limb around its axis

A

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

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19
Q

Which of the following muscle tissues is striated?

Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

None of the above

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A

Skeletal muscle

20
Q

Which layer of the skin contains the blood vessels and nerves?

Epidermis

Hypodermis

Dermis

Stratum corneum

21
Q

Match each type of fracture with its description:

Occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees

Several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments

Occurs straight across the long axis of the bone

A fracture in which the skin remains intact

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A

Occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees: Oblique Fracture

Several breaks result in many small pieces between two large segments: Comminuted fracture

Occurs straight across the long axis of the bone: Transverse fracture

A fracture in which the skin remains intact: Closed Fracture

22
Q

The scapula is also known as the:

Shoulder joint

Collarbone

Shoulder blade

Pelvic bone

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A

Shoulder blade

23
Q

Which part of the integumentary system is responsible for thermoregulation?

Sweat glands

Melanocytes

Sebaceous glands

Keratinocytes

24
Q

Which bone forms the lateral part of the forearm?

Ulna

Radius

Humerus

Clavicle

25
Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin when exposed to UV light? Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin D Vitamin E
Vitamin D
26
Which function is NOT performed by the integumentary system? Vitamin D synthesis Protection from pathogens Body temperature regulation Oxygen exchange
Oxygen exchange
27
The muscle that assists the prime mover is called the: Antagonist Synergist Fixator Agonist
Synergist
28
Which bone forms the medial part of the forearm? Ulna Radius Humerus Scapula
Ulna
29
Which of the following best describes endochondral ossification? Bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage Bone forms from dense connective tissue Bone forms directly from mesenchymal tissue Bone grows from tendons
Bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage
30
The only bone that lies in a horizontal position in the body is the: Humerus Clavicle Scapula Radius
Clavicle
31
Which muscle is the primary agonist during elbow flexion? Triceps Biceps Brachialis Brachioradialis
Biceps
32
Match the following burns type according to the depth and extent of affected skin layers: __4__ affecting the underlying muscle and bone. __1__ Only epidermis and causes redness and pain. __2__ extends into both the epidermis and dermis. __3__ affects epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.
affecting the underlying muscle and bone: Fourth Degree Only epidermis and causes redness and pain: First Degree extends into both the epidermis and dermis: Second Degree affects epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue: Third Degre
33
Shortening of the sarcomeres tension in the muscle stays: Constant muscle length changes to move a load: Muscle Length does not change: Contraction of the muscle Isotonic contraction isometric contraction
Shortening of the sarcomeres tension in the muscle stays: Contraction of the muscle Constant muscle length changes to move a load: Isotonic contraction Muscle Length does not change: isometric contraction
34
The action of bringing a limb closer to the midline of the body is called: Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction
Adduction
35
In the anatomical position, the radius is found in the lateral forearm, while the ulna is found in the medial forearm. True False
True
36
What are the small bones found in the middle ear called? Ossicles Sacrum Vomer Nasal bones
Ossicles
37
Which of the following is a secondary curvature of the vertebral column that develops after birth? Coccygeal curve Lumbar curve Thoracic curve Sacral curve
Lumbar Curve
38
Develops from a mole as a result of an uncontrolled growth of melanocytes and is the most fatal of all skin cancers.
Melanoma
39
Is the most common of all cancers that occur in the US, develop from the stratum basale of the epidermis, and is frequently found on sun exposure areas.
Basal cell carcinoma
40
is the second most common skin cancer and affects the stratum spinosum and also affects sun exposed areas of the skin.
Squamous Cell carcinoma
41
1. Contains only actin filaments. 2. Marks the boundary of a sarcomere. 3. Contains only myosin filaments. 4. Contains both actin and myosin filaments.
1. Contains only actin filaments: I Band 2. Marks the boundary of a sarcomere: Z Line 3. Contains only myosin filaments: H Zone 4. Contains both actin and myosin filaments: A band
42
What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber? T tubules Myofibril Sarcomere Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sarcromere
43
Which type of fracture results in a bone-breaking into many small pieces? Greenstick Transverse Comminuted Spiral
Comminuted
44
1. muscle mass and size increases 2. Low muscle tension 3. Production of more muscle cells by division 4. Excessive muscle tension 5. Muscle mass and size decrease
1. muscle mass and size increases: Hypertrophy 2. Low muscle tension: Hypotonia 3. Production of more muscle cells by division: Hyperplasia 4. Excessive muscle tension: Hypertonia 5. Muscle mass and size decrease: Atrophy
45
What is the neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction? Dopamine Norepinephrine Serotonin Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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