renal anatomy

Question 1

kidneys topographical position in relation to abdominopelvic caity

Answer 1

kidneys and ureters are retroperitoneal, bladder and urethre are subperitoneal
left more superior to right because of liver
deep to the posterior abdominal wall muscles in hypochondrium regions

Question 2

what surrounds kidneys

Answer 2

renal capsule
adipose tissue for cushioning
renal fascia to anchor kidneys to posterior abdominal wall

Question 3

kidneys and diaphragm and ribs relationship

Answer 3

superior lobe of kidneys protected by floating ribs, with diaphragm protecting posterior aspect from ribs
renal fascia also attaches to diaphragmatic fascia superiorly, so kidney moves when the diaphragm moves vertically

Question 4

kidney gross anatomy

Answer 4

renal cortex with renal column extentions
renal medulla containing renal pyramids, ending with renal papilla
opens into minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis

Question 5

nephron location

Answer 5

located at corticomedullary junction
renal corpuscle, convoluted tubules, collecting ducts in cortex
nephron loops, collecting ducts in medulla

Question 6

renal artery and vein position

Answer 6

arteries branch from abdominal aorta
veins branch into inferior vena cava
left renal vein sandwiched between superior mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta

Question 7

blood flow through kidney

Answer 7

renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, interlobular vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, segmental vein, renal vein

Question 8

kidney innervation

Answer 8

parasympathetics: vagus nerve
sympathetic: greater and lesser splanics

Question 9

ureters

Answer 9

transport via peristalsis
posterior inferior angle into bladder that forms a one way valve

Question 10

bladder

Answer 10

detrusor muscle is smooth
trigone formed by ureters and urethra
external uretheral spincter is skeletal

Question 11

urethra male and female

Answer 11

female: inferior bladder to external urethral meatus in vulva, 3cm
male: inferior bladder, prostate, penis
internal urinary sphincter contracts during ejaculation to prevent semen from entering bladder
4 parts: preprostatic, prostatic, intermediate, spongy

Question 12

bladder innervation

Answer 12

parasympathetic: pelvis splanchics (sacral)
sympathetics (thoracic-lumbar)
pudendal nerve is somatic for external urinary sphincter

Question 13

micturition reflex

Answer 13

bladder walls stretch
parasympathetics excited, detrusor muscles contract, IUS releases (spinal reflex)
ascending pathways to brain,
descending pathway to pudendal nerve consciously control EUS