Endocrine System

Question 1

made up of glands and the hormones they secrete

Answer 1

Endocrine system

Question 2

primary hormone producers, the brain, heart, lungs, liver, skin, thymus, gastrointestinal mucosa, and placenta also produce and release hormones

Answer 2

Endocrine galnds

Question 3

the pituitary (the master gland), pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, islets of Langerhans, adrenals, ovaries in the female and testes in the male.

Answer 3

Endocrine glands

Question 4

the production and regulation of chemical substances called hormones.

Answer 4

Endocrine System

Question 5

chemical transmitter. It is released in small amounts from glands, and is transported in the bloodstream to target organs or other cells.

Answer 5

Hormone

Question 6

Chemical messengers, transferring information and instructions from one set of cells to another.

Answer 6

Hormones

Question 7

work together to help maintain homeostasis… balance

Answer 7

Endocrine system and nervous system

Question 8

collection of specialized cells located in the brain, and is the primary link between the two systems.

Answer 8

Hypothalamus

Question 9

produces chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions of the pituitary gland.

Answer 9

Hypothalamus

Question 10

essential for the growth and development of bones, muscles, and other organs

Answer 10

Growth Hormone

Question 11

It also enhances protein synthesis, decreases the use of glucose, and promotes fat destruction.

Answer 11

Growth Hormone

Question 12

essential for the growth of the adrenal cortex.

Answer 12

Adrenocorticotropin

Question 13

essential for the growth and development of the thyroid gland

Answer 13

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone

Question 14

is a gonadotropic hormone.

Answer 14

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

Question 15

It stimulates the growth ovarian follicles in the female and the production of sperm in the male.

Answer 15

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

Question 16

is a gonadotropic hormone stimulating the development of corpus luteum in the female ovarian follicles and the production of testosterone in the male.

Answer 16

Luteinizing Hormone

Question 17

it produces estrogen and progesterone.

Answer 17

Yellow corpus luteum

Question 18

stimulates the development and growth of the mammary glands and milk production during pregnancy.

Answer 18

Prolactin

Question 19

regulates skin pigmentation and promotes the deposit of melanine in the skin after exposure to sunlight

Answer 19

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Question 20

stimulates the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules. Hyposecretion of this hormone can result in diabetes insipidus.

Answer 20

Antidiuretic Hormone

Question 21

stimulates the uterus to contract during labor, delivery, and parturition.

Answer 21

Oxytocin

Question 22

used to induce labor.It also stimulates the mammary glands to release milk.

Answer 22

Pitocin.

Question 23

A synthetic version of this hormone

Answer 23

Pitocin

Question 24

pine-cone-shaped and only about 1 cm in diameter.

Answer 24

Pineal gland

Question 25

communicates information about environmental lighting to various parts of the body.

Answer 25

Melatonin

Question 26

Has some effect on sleep/awake cycles and other biological events connected to them, such as a lower production of gastric secretions at night.

Answer 26

Melatonin

Question 27

neurotransmitter that regulates intestinal movements and affects appetite, mood, sleep, anger, and metabolism.

Answer 27

Seratonin

Question 28

plays a vital role in metabolism and regulates the body’s metabolic processes.

Answer 28

thyroid gland

Question 29

influences bone and calcium metabolism; maintains a homeostasis of calcium in the blood plasma

Answer 29

Calcitonin

Question 30

essential to BMR – basal metabolic rate (the rate at which a person’s body burns calories while at rest); influences physical/mental development and growth

Answer 30

Thyroxine (T4) and triodothyronine

Question 31

located on the dorsal or back side of the thyroid gland. They secrete parathyroid (PTH) which plays a role in the metabolism of phosphorus. Too little results in cramping; too much results in osteoporosis or kidney stones.

Answer 31

Parathyroid gland

Question 32

secrete the hormone insulin, which is essential for the maintenance of normal blood sugar levels.

Answer 32

Beta cells

Question 33

Inadequate levels of beta cells result in ?

Answer 33

Diabetes mellitus

Question 34

secretes glucagon.Its primary role is to increase blood sugar.

Answer 34

Alpha cells

Question 35

suppress the release of glucagon and insulin.

Answer 35

Delta cells

Question 36

The triangular-shaped________________ are located on the top of each kidney. The inside is called the_________ and the outside layer is called the________.

Answer 36

adrenal glands medulla cortex

Question 37

regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism; has an anti-inflammatory effect; helps the body cope during times of stress

Answer 37

Cortisol

Question 38

essential in regulating electrolyte and water balance by promoting sodium and chloride retention and potassium excretion.

Answer 38

Aldosterone

Question 39

several hormones including testosterone; they promote the development of secondary sex characteristics in the male.

Answer 39

Androgens

Question 40

is used to treat shock. It dilates the arteries, elevates systolic blood pressure, increases cardiac output, and increases urinary output

Answer 40

Dopamine

Question 41

It elevates systolic blood pressure, increases heart rate and cardiac output, speeds up the release of glucose from the liver… giving a spurt of energy, dilates the bronchial tubes and relaxes airways, and dilates the pupils to see more clearly. **It is often used to counteract an allergic reaction**

Answer 41

Epinephrine and adrenaline

Question 42

like epinephrine, is released when the body is under stress. It creates the underlying influence in the fight or flight response. As a drug, however, it actually triggers a drop in heart rate.

Answer 42

Norepinephrine

Question 43

produce several estrogen hormones and progesterone. These hormones prepare the uterus for pregnancy, promote the development of mammary glands, play a role in sex drive, and develop secondary sex characteristics in the female.

Answer 43

Ovaries

Question 44

produce the male sex hormone called testosterone. It is essential for normal growth and development of the male sex organs.

Answer 44

Testes

Question 45

is responsible for the erection of the penis.

Answer 45

Testosterone

Question 46

serves as an endocrine gland during pregnancy

Answer 46

Placenta

Question 47

It produces chorionic gonadotropin hormone, estrogen, and progesterone.

Answer 47

Placenta

Question 48

the stomach secretes the hormone gastrin, which stimulates the production of gastric acid for digestion.

Answer 48

The mucosa of the pyloric area

Question 49

secretes the hormone secretin, which stimulates pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal secretion.

Answer 49

The mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum

Question 50

Has two lobes and is part of the lymphatic system. It is a ductless gland, and secretes thymosin. This is necessary for the Thymus’ normal production of T cells for the immune system

Answer 50

The thymus gland