endocrine system

Question 1

endocrine vs paracrine vs autocrine

Answer 1

• endo: acts on any tissue in body
• para: acts on a tissue in local area
• auto: acts on tissue that provided secretion

Question 2

hormone receptor complexes determined by

3 of them

Answer 2

• # of hormones avail
• # of receptor avail
• bindgin affinity btwn hormone and receptor

Question 3

factors determining concentration in plasma

4 of them

Answer 3

• rate of secretion
• rate of metab, inactivation or exretion of hormone
• quantity of transport protein
• changes in plasma volume

Question 4

what are binding proteins

Answer 4

extends half life of hormones

Question 5

what are steroid hormones

Answer 5

• move freely across lipid membrane of cells

- need to be bound to move around cell

Question 6

what are amino acid and peptide hormones

Answer 6

• need receptor to cross membrane

- bind to surface receptors and signal 2nd messengers

Question 7

what does target cell activation depend on?

3 of them

Answer 7

• hormone concen in blood
• senstivity of receptor for hormone
• # of target cell receptors

Question 8

up vs down regulation

Answer 8

up: form more receptors
down: caused by long term exposure to hormone
- cell becomes desensitized

Question 9

fast vs slow acting hormones

Answer 9

fast: work quickly during ex to maintain glucose concentration
slow: allow other hormones to exert full effect
- involved in reg of CHO, fat, protein metab

Question 10

originating gland of GH

what happens to GH during exercise

Answer 10

anterior pituitary

-increases w/ ex

Question 11

stims/inhibitors of GH

Answer 11

stim: exercise, sleep, stress, decrease glucose
inhib: insulin like growth factor

Question 12

GH’s actions

Answer 12

• stim protein synthesis
• increase glucagon
• increase fat metab

Question 13

originating gland of thyroid hormone

what happens to it during exercise

Answer 13

• pituitary gland

- increases

Question 14

actions of thyroid hormone

Answer 14

increased O2 consumption

metabolism of hormones secretd by thyroid gland

Question 15

stimulators of thyroid hormone

Answer 15

• cold

- increased energy required

Question 16

originating gland of ACTH

what happens to it during exercise

Answer 16

• pituitary

- doesnt get effected by exercise until 25% of VO2 max

Question 17

stimulators of ACTH

Answer 17

-none

secreted in AM

Question 18

actions of ACTH

Answer 18

• regs hormones secreted by adrenal medulla
• facilitate protein breakdown
• increase FFA utilization
• increase gluconeogenesis

Question 19

origainting gland of ADH

what happens to it during exercise

Answer 19

• posterior pituitary

- increase during exercise b/c of sweating

Question 20

stimulators/inhibitors of ADH

Answer 20

stim: decrease BP/fluid loss
inhib: fluid overloads

Question 21

actions of ADH

Answer 21

• increase H20 reabsorb

- conservation of fluids

Question 22

originating gland of E/NE (catecholamines)

what happens to them during exercise

Answer 22

• adrenal medulla
• increase with exercise
• E @ 75% VO2 max
• NE @ 50% VO2 max

Question 23

stimulators of catecholamines

Answer 23

• decreased BP and glucose

- too much stress

Question 24

actions of catecholamines

Answer 24

increase in:

• glucogenolysis
• FFA utilize
• HR and SV
• peripheral resistance

Question 25

originating gland of cortisol | what happens to it during exercise

Answer 25

- adrenal cortex | - increase with heavy exercise

Question 26

stimulators of cortisol

Answer 26

- stress | - heavy exercise

Question 27

actions of cortisol

Answer 27

- increase glucogenesis - glucose synthesis - FFA mobilization

Question 28

originating gland of insulin | what happens to it during exercise?

Answer 28

- pancreas | - decrease with exercise

Question 28

originating gland of insulin | what happens to it during exercise?

Answer 28

- pancreas | - decrease with exercise

Question 29

stimulators of insulin

Answer 29

- increase plasma glucose/amino acid concentration | - decrease E/NE

Question 29

stimulators of insulin

Answer 29

- increase plasma glucose/amino acid concentration | - decrease E/NE

Question 30

insulins actions

Answer 30

- promotes glycogen synthesis | - increase glucose, amino acid, and FFA uptake

Question 30

insulins actions

Answer 30

- promotes glycogen synthesis | - increase glucose, amino acid, and FFA uptake

Question 31

originating gland of glucagon | what happens to it during exercise

Answer 31

-pancreas | increase with exercise

Question 31

originating gland of glucagon | what happens to it during exercise

Answer 31

-pancreas | increase with exercise

Question 32

stimulators of glucagon

Answer 32

decrease plasma glucose | -increase E/NE

Question 32

stimulators of glucagon

Answer 32

decrease plasma glucose | -increase E/NE

Question 33

glucagon's actions

Answer 33

- promotes glycogenolysis - increase FFA mobilization - gluconeogenesis

Question 33

glucagon's actions

Answer 33

- promotes glycogenolysis - increase FFA mobilization - gluconeogenesis