Endocrine System Flashcards
What is hormone signaling
Chemicals are released into the bloodstream to a target organ to alter its current processes
What is the general function of the endocrine system
To maintain homeostasis or selectively alter it and provides slower yet longer-lasting responses through hormone signaling
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland
Anterior and posterior
What is the posterior pituitary gland made of and what is its function
Made of nervous tissue and is under direct nervous control of the hypothalamus through electrical signals
What is the anterior pituitary gland made of and what is its function
It’s made of epithelial tissue with neurons in the hypothalamus that transmit (inhibiting IH and releasing RH hormones) into a blood vessel to the anterior pituitary to release a hormone
Which two hormones are produced in the hypothalamus and what are their functions
Oxytocin is produced to contract smooth muscle in reproductive organs
Vasopressin or ADH stimulates kidneys to retain water and vasoconstriction and the arterials both to increase blood pressure
Which six hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary gland
Adrenocorticotrophin stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroids which includes cortisol
Thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
Growth hormone increases growth and metabolism in most of the cells of the body
Follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH in males leads to sperm production and in females follicle development in ovaries
Leuteinizing hormone or LH in males stimulates testosterone production and in females stimulates estrogen/progesterone production to stimulate ovulation
Prolactin stimulates milk production in memory glands
What are the two hormones produced in the thyroid and what are they responsible for
Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 stimulate growth and development in most body cells as well as regulate metabolic rates
Calcitonin reduces blood calcium levels and slows osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts as well as decreases absorption of calcium in the intestines and decreases reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys
What is epinephrine and where is it produced
is part of the fight or flight response and it targets many organs including the heart blood vessels brain and respiratory tract and is produced in the adrenal medulla
What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex and what do they do
Cortisol is part of the stress response and it increases blood sugar to stimulate production of glucose in the liver and suppress the immune system
Aldosterone regulates electrolyte and water levels in the body and it targets the kidneys
What is melatonin and where is it produced
Melatonin participates in the sleep and wake cycle and targets the brain and is produced in the pineal gland
What hormone is produced by the parathyroid
Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium and stimulates osteoclast as well as increases the reabsorption by the kidneys
Where are insulin and glucagon produced and what do they do
The pancreas insulin stimulates glucose uptake by adipose tissue skeletal muscle and the liver
glucagon stimulates glucose production particularly in the liver
What is testosterone
A hormone that participates in sperm production in males and has behavioral effects on the brain
What are estrogen and progesterone
Estrogen is a hormone that regulates the reproductive cycle and has behavioral effects on the brain
Progesterone regulates reproductive cycle and simulates the thickening of uterine lining
