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Anatomy & Physiology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

The target organ of the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus.

A

Anterior pituitary

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2
Q

Action of the hormones released from the hypothalamus.

A

Regulated secretions of the anterior pituitary hormones.

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3
Q

The hypothalamus releases its hormones into a ______ _______ of _____ ____.

A

Capillary plexus of portal vein.

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4
Q

Growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone, and adrenocortropic hormone are all released from the _______ ______.

A

Anterior pituitary

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5
Q

The two hormones released from the anterior pituitary that come from acidophils are ____ _______ and _____.

A

Growth hormone & prolactin

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6
Q

The four hormones from the anterior pituitary that come from basophils are _____, ______, _____, & _____.

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone. (THS, FSH, LH, ACTH)

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7
Q

Growth hormone released from the anterior pituitary targets which organ?

A

Liver -> bone, cartilage, muscle & adipose tissue

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8
Q

Function of growth hormone released from anterior pituitary.

A

Increase mitosis (growth)

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9
Q

Function of prolactin from anterior pituitary.

A

Milk production

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10
Q

Target organ of prolactin (secreted from the anterior pituitary)

A

Mammary glands

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11
Q

This hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary stimulates production of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4)

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

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12
Q

The target organ of TSH

A

Thyroid

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13
Q

Target organs of FSH

A

Ovaries & testes

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14
Q

This hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary stimulates egg maturation, estrogen secretion and spermatogenesis.

A

FSH

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15
Q

This hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary stimulates ovulation and progesterone production and testosterone secretion.

A

Luteinizing hormone

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16
Q

The target organs of LH

A

Ovaries and testes

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17
Q

The target organ of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Adrenal cortex

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18
Q

This hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary stimulates the secretion of aldosterone, cortisol, and testosterone from the adrenal cortex.

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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19
Q

Hormones secreted from the posterior pituitary.

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) & oxytocin (also called pitocin)

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20
Q

ADH and oxytocin (pitocin) are secreted from the ____.

A

Posterior pituitary

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21
Q

ADH & oxytocin are synthesized in the _____ and stored in the _____ _____.

A

Hypothalamus, posterior pituitary

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22
Q

The target organ of ADH

A

Kidneys and blood vessels

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23
Q

Target organ of oxytocin

A

Uterus and mammary glands

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24
Q

Hormone that INCREASES water reabsorption and vasoconstriction.

A

ADH

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25
Hormone that causes uterine contractions and milk release, sexual arousal and maternal bonding.
Oxytocin
26
Aldosterone, cortisol, and testosterone are secreted from the ___ ____.
Adrenal cortex
27
Aldosterone is secreted from the _____ ______ or outermost zone of the adrenal cortex.
Zona glomerulosa
28
Mineralocorticoid (also called ______) targets which organ?
Kidneys
29
Mineralocorticoid comes from the ______ of the adrenal cortex.
Zona glomerulosa (outermost zone)
30
Aldosterone ______ sodium and water reabsorption.
Increases
31
Hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex that increases sodium and water reabsorption
Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)
32
Cortisol (glucocorticoid) is secreted from which zone of the adrenal cortex?
Zona fasciculate (middle and larger zone)
33
Which hormone is secreted from the middle layer (zona fasciculate) of the adrenal cortex?
Cortisol (glucocorticoid)
34
Target organ of cortisol secreted by the adrenal cortex.
Liver and muscles
35
Hormone that targets liver and muscles that is secreted from the adrenal cortex.
Cortisol (glucocorticoid)
36
Hormone that acts as Anti inflammatory, immune suppressant, and increase blood glucose. Combats stress.
Cortisol (glucocorticoid)
37
Secreted from the innermost medullary area of the adrenal cortex.
Testosterone
38
Testosterone's target organ(s)
All body tissues
39
Hormone secreted from the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex.
Testosterone
40
Hormone that induces growth, increases sex drive, male characteristics
Testosterone
41
Two hormones secreted from the adrenal medulla
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
42
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted from the ____ _____.
Adrenal medulla
43
These hormones are increased by the sympathetic part of the nervous system.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
44
Target organs of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Heart, bronchioles, blood vessels
45
Hormone that increases heart rate, dilates bronchioles, increases blood to skeletal muscles
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
46
Hormone that increases heart rate and increases blood to skeletal muscle is secreted from the ____ ____.
Adrenal medulla
47
Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (thyroxin) & calcitonin are secreted from the _____.
Thyroid
48
These hormones are secreted from follicular cells (hormone and iodine stored in colloid)
T3 & T4
49
This hormone secreted from the thyroid increases metabolic rate and promotes growth.
T3 & T4
50
Calcitonin is secreted from the _____.
Thyroid
51
Secreted from c-cells (para follicular cells) in the thyroid.
Calcitonin
52
Target organ of calcitonin secreted by the thyroid.
Blood, bones, & kidneys.
53
This hormone lowers blood calcium and increases ossification (bone density).
Calcitonin
54
Secreted from chief cells of the parathyroid.
Parathyroid hormone (PRH)
55
The hormone secreted from the parathyroid.
PTH
56
Target organ of PTH
Blood bones and kidneys
57
PTH (Parathyroid hormone) raises blood calcium and stimulates calcium reabsorption by _____ ____ ____.
Freeing calcium ions
58
This hormone raises blood calcium and stimulate calcium reabsorption.
PTH
59
This hormone is responsible for the formation and activation of lymphocytes.
Thymosins
60
Thymosins are secreted by the ____.
Thymus
61
Target organ of the thymosins secreted by the thymus.
Lymphocytes/ immune system
62
Insulin comes from the ____ cells.
Beta
63
Glucagon comes from the ____ cells.
Alpha
64
Pancreatic islets secret what two hormones?
Glucagon& insulin
65
Glucagon's target organ-
Liver and adipose tissue
66
This hormone lowers blood glucose by increasing cellular glucose uptake
Insulin
67
This hormone raises blood glucose through the breakdown of glycogen into glucose
Glucagon
68
The pineal gland secretes this hormone-
Melatonin
69
This hormone influences mood, inhibits reproductive system, circadian and seasonal rhythms.
Melatonin
70
Melatonin is secreted from
Pinealocytes in the pineal gland
71
Estrogen and progesterone are secreted from-
The ovaries (and also placenta)
72
Ovaries secrete which two hormones?
Estrogen and progesterone
73
Target organ of progesterone-
Uterus and mammary gland
74
Target organ of estrogen-
Uterus, ovaries, mammary glands, genitalia, pelvic joints, fetus
75
Estrogen comes from the _____ cells of maturing follicles.
Granulose
76
This hormone is secreted from the corpus luteum of the ovaries.
Progesterone
77
This hormone suppresses uterine contractions
Progesterone
78
Hormone secreted from the interstitial cells in the testes.
Testosterone

Anatomy & Physiology (5 decks)

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