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Anatomy & Physiology > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

The _______ wall of the heart is thickest.

A

Left

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2
Q

________ circulation is the function of the right side of the heart.

A

Pulmonary

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3
Q

_______ circulation is the function of the left side of the heart.

A

Systemic

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4
Q

Systemic circulation is called _____ because it sends blood to all organs of tendu and brings it back to the heart.

A

Internal

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5
Q

Pulmonary circulation is called _____ respiration because it circulates blood to the lungs and brings it back to the heart.

A

External

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6
Q

The base of the heart faces the ______ ______.

A

Right shoulder

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7
Q

The apex of the heart points to the ______ _____.

A

Left hip

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8
Q

The endocardium of the heart is the _________ layer of the heart and made of ______ ______ epithelium.

A

Innermost, simple squamous

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9
Q

The middle layer of the heart is called the _____ and made of _____.

A

Myocardium, cardiac muscle

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10
Q

The _____ is the fibrous skeleton of the heart and is made up of collagen and elastic fibers.

A

Myocardium

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11
Q

Later of heart wall which anchors the muscle fibers.

A

Myocardium

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12
Q

Later of heart wall which forms a rigid wall around the heart valves.

A

Myocardium

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13
Q

Tight junctions called _____ hold cardiac muscles together for strength.

A

Desmosomes

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14
Q

Serves as electrical coupling of cardiac muscle cells.

A

Gap junctions

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15
Q

Cardiac muscles are rich in _____ &______.

A

Glycogen and myoglobin

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16
Q

Because of the ____ _______ present in adjacent cardiac muscle cells, the entire heart behaves as a single unit when any part of he heart is stimulated.

A

Gap junctions

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17
Q

Muscular extensions from the atria.

A

Auricles

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18
Q

The _____ of the heart are larger and have a smoother surface.

A

Right and Left Ventricles

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19
Q

The ____ of the heart are smaller and more wrinkly.

A

Right and Left Atrium

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20
Q

Separates the atria from the lower chambers.

A

atrioventricular grooves

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21
Q

Separates the ventricles anteriorly and posteriorly.

A

Interventricular grooves

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22
Q

The superior and inferior vena cava emty into the _____ _____.

A

Right atrium

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23
Q

This takes blood out of the left ventricle

A

Aorta

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24
Q

This takes blood out of the right ventricle

A

Pulmonary trunk

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25
The _____ ______ nourish the myocardium.
Coronary arteries
26
The _____ ______ collects blood from the myocardium.
Coronary sinus
27
The two upper chambers are ______ chambers.
Receiving
28
The two lower chambers are _____ chambers.
Discharging
29
The ______ _____ is between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Tricuspid valve
30
The Bicuspid or ______ valve sits between the _______ and ________.
mitral, left atrium and left ventricle
31
The ________ valve is between the pulmonary truck and right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
32
Valve bettween the aorta and left ventricle.
Aortic Semilunar valve
33
Blood enters the right ventricle through the ______ valves.
Tricuspid
34
Blood leaves the right ventricle through the _____ valves
pulmonary
35
Blood enters the left ventricle through the ______ valves.
bicuspid
36
Blood leaves the left ventricle through the _____ valves.
aortic
37
The heart receives _____% of the systemic blood
5%
38
The coronary sinus empties into the _____ _____.
Right atrium
39
Phase I of a heart beat = atrial _______ and ventricle _______.
Systole/diastole
40
During Atrial systole the upper two chambers ____ but the lower chambers ______.
Contract/relax
41
During atrial systole the AV valves are ______ and the semilunar valves are _______.
Opened/Closed
42
The first heart sound is created when the _____ close just before the _____ contract.
AV valves, ventricles
43
Phase II of a heart beat= atrial ______ and ventricle ______.
diastole/systole
44
During atrial diastole the AV valves are _____ and the semilunar valves are ________.
closed/opened
45
During phase II of a heart beat (atriole diastole), blood moves from the ventricles to the _____ and the _____ _____.
aorta, pulmonary trunk
46
The second part of a heart sound is heard when the _________ close just before the _______ relax.
semilunar, ventricles
47
Caused by the alternate closure of the AV valves and semilunar valves
Heart sounds
48
When the AV valves close, the heart sound is ____ and _____.
loud, long (first part of a heart beat)
49
When semilunar valve closes, the heart beat sound is _____ and ____
soft and short (second part of heart beat)
50
The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute.
Cardiac Output
51
Stroke volume =
Volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per beat
52
Cardiac output (CO) = _______ x ________
Heart rate, stroke volume
53
Maximal Cardiac Output (CO) is _ to _ times the resting CO in nonathetlic people.
4 -5
54
Maximal cardiac Output (CO) may reach ___ L per minute in trained athletes.
35
55
The difference between resting and maximal cardiac output (CO)
cardiac reserve
56
The _____ is the origin of action potential in the heart.
Sino-atrial node
57
The ______ sets the pace for the heart rate.
Sino-atrial (SA) node.
58
The impulse from the SA node travels to the _____ and the _____.
atria/AV node
59
The second node, _______, generates about ___ - ____ impulses per minute.
Atrio-ventricular (AV) 40-50
60
The impuse from the AV node travels to the _____.
AV Bundle
61
The only channel to conduct impuse to the ventricles
AV bundle
62
The AV bundle generates about ___impulses per minute.
30
63
The impulses from the AV bundle are transmitted to the _____.
Right and left bundle branches
64
The Right and left bundle branches generate about _____ impulses per minute.
30
65
The Right and Left bundle branches transmit impulses to the ______.
Purkinje fibers
66
The purkingje fibers generate about _____ impulses per minute.
30
67
The AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches and purkinje fibers are not capable of sustaining a _____.
normal heart rate.
68
a defect in the intrinsic conduction system leads to ______, ______ and _____.
arrhythmia, fibrillaion, heart block
69
Sympathetic stimulation ______ the heart rate.
increases
70
_______ stimulation slows the heart rate.
parasympathetic
71
The cardiac centers are located in the ______ of the brain.
medulla oblongata.
72
The effect of norepinephrine is to ______ the hear rate.
increase
73
The neurotransmitter responsible for increasing the rate of contraction in the heart.
Norepinephrine
74
The cardio-inhibitory center's impulses are conducted through the _____ nerve.
Vagus
75
The effect of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine is to ____ the heart rate.
slow
76
Measures the movement of impulse across the wall of the heart.
electrocardiography (ECG)
77
In an ECG, the P wave is the ______ _______.
atria depolarization
78
In an ECG, the QRS complex is the _____ _____.
Ventricular depolarization
79
In an ECG, the T wave is the ______ of the _____.
repolarization of the ventricles
80
The cardiac cycle (one cycle of contraction and relaxtion) takes place in an average of ____ seconds.
.8

Anatomy & Physiology (5 decks)

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