Endocrine System

Question 1

What is the control center for the pituitary gland?

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

Question 2

What does the adenohypophysis produce?

Answer 2

ACTH
GH
MSH
TSH
FSH
LH
Prolactin

Question 3

What does the neurohypophysis produce?

Answer 3

Oxytocin

ADH

Question 4

What are the functions of oxytocin? (2)

Answer 4

Stimulate contractions in the uterus

Promotes milk secretion in mammary glands

Question 5

What is the function of prolactin?

Answer 5

Promotes milk production in mammary glands

Question 6

Hyposecretion of prolactin leads to =

Answer 6

Decreased milk production in nursing mothers

Question 7

Hypersecretion of prolactin leads to =

Answer 7

Galactorrhea (excessive milk production in non-nursing mothers and men)

Question 8

What are the functions of FSH and LH (in females)?

Answer 8

Promotes egg production and ovulation

Stimulates estrogen and progesterone production

Question 9

What are the functions of FSH and LH (in males)?

Answer 9

Promotes sperm production

Stimulates testosterone production

Question 10

Hyposecretion of FSH and LH =

Answer 10

Decreased reproductive capacity

Question 11

What are the three thyroid hormones?

Answer 11

Calcitonin
T4
T3

Question 12

What decreases blood calcium levels by taking it out of blood to build bones?

Answer 12

Calcitonin

Question 13

What do T4 and T3 do?

Answer 13

Regulate metabolism

Question 14

Hyposecretion of TSH =

Answer 14

Myxedema (slow metabolism)

Question 15

What are four symptoms of myxedema?

Answer 15

Cold
Overweight
Fatigue
Face swelling

Question 16

Hypersecretion of TSH =

Answer 16

Grave’s disease (increased metabolism)

Question 17

What are four symptoms of Grave’s disease?

Answer 17

Low weight
Heart arrhythmia
Anxiety
Exopthalamus

Question 18

Another word for bulging eyes

Answer 18

Exopthalamus

Question 19

Hyposecretion of GH in children =

Answer 19

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 20

Hypersecretion of GH in children =

Answer 20

Gigantism

Question 21

Hypersecretion of GH in adults =

Answer 21

Acromegaly (enlargement of extremities)

Question 22

What are the functions of ACTH?

Answer 22

Stimulate cortisol secretion

Help body handle stressful situations

Question 23

Hypersecretion of ACTH (cortisol)

Answer 23

Cushing disease (fat distribution is altered)

Question 24

What are five symptoms of cushing disease?

Answer 24

Weight gain
Hair loss
Slow healing
Moon face
Buffalo hump

Question 25

What is the function of ADH?

Answer 25

Stimulates the increase in water reabsorption in nephrons

Question 26

Hyposecretion of ADH =

Answer 26

Diabetes insipidus

Question 27

What are three symptoms of diabetes insipidus?

Answer 27

Excess urine production Dehydration Electrolyte (salt) inbalances

Question 28

Where is melatonin produced?

Answer 28

Pineal gland

Question 29

What helps regulate metabolism?

Answer 29

Melatonin

Question 30

What helps develop immune systems in children?

Answer 30

Thymus

Question 31

What are two adrenal gland hormones (produced by adrenal cortex)?

Answer 31

Mineral corticoids | Glucocorticoids

Question 32

What increases blood sodium levels in the body by increasing absorption by kidneys?

Answer 32

Mineral corticoids

Question 33

Hypersecretion of mineral corticoids =

Answer 33

Aldosteronism (increase in blood pressure and low potassium levels)

Question 34

Hyposecretion of mineral corticoids =

Answer 34

Addison's disease

Question 35

What are four symptoms of Addison's disease?

Answer 35

Fatigue Dizziness Low blood pressure Darkened skin

Question 36

What regulates the metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats, as well as decreases inflammation?

Answer 36

Glucocorticoids

Question 37

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids =

Answer 37

Cushing disease

Question 38

What increases blood calcium levels by breaking down bone to get calcium?

Answer 38

Parathyroid hormones

Question 39

What are two pancreatic hormones?

Answer 39

Glucagon | Insulin

Question 40

What increases blood glucose by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen?

Answer 40

Glucagon

Question 41

What is the storage form of glucose?

Answer 41

Glycogen

Question 42

Hyposecretion of glucagon =

Answer 42

Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose)

Question 43

What decreases blood glucose by stimulating cells to take it up from the blood?

Answer 43

Insulin

Question 44

Hyposecretion of insulin =

Answer 44

Diabetes mellitus type 1 (not enough insulin in body)

Question 45

What results from no absorption of glucose because of the body attacking insulin producing cells?

Answer 45

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Question 46

Hypersecretion of glucagon

Answer 46

Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose)

Question 47

What is the cause of diabetes mellitus type 2?

Answer 47

Cells in body do not respond to insulin Poor food choices Genetics

Question 48

Why does diabetes mellitus type 2 happen?

Answer 48

Hyperglycemia | There is too much glucose in the body due to cells not responding as they should to the insulin

Question 49

What are three symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

Answer 49

Polydipsia Polyuria Polyphagia

Question 50

Another word for excessive thirst

Answer 50

Polydipsia

Question 51

Another word for excessive urination

Answer 51

Polyuria

Question 52

Another word for excessive eating

Answer 52

Polyphagia