Endocrine System

Question 1

Endocrine Gland

Answer 1

Secretes hormones into the bloodstream

Question 2

Hormone

Answer 2

Chemical messenger that regulates activity of other body cells
Slow messenger
REquires blood supply to carry the hormone

Question 3

Why is it better to send information through hormones?

Answer 3

System is slower, but it also has longer lasting effects

Question 4

Hormone levels…

Answer 4

are constantly adjusted by feedback loops

Question 5

Negative Feedback Loop

Answer 5

a stimulus causes an endocrine organ to release hormones
the hormone helps bring the body back to homeostasis
* once homestasis is achieved, the hormone release stops

Question 6

Endocrine System

Answer 6

all endocrine glands in the body

Question 7

Endocrine system overseen by…

Answer 7

hypothalamus

the hypothalamus exerts its control over the endocrine system in 3 ways

Question 8

Hypothalamus and Endocrine system (1)

Answer 8

Produces “releasing” hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary (middle management) (Sends the stuff out to other organs of the body)

Question 9

Hypothalamus and Endocrine system (2)

Answer 9

Produces hormones that are stored in posterior pituitary gland

Question 10

Hypothalamus and Endocrine system (3)

Answer 10

Oversees Autonomic Nervous System

Question 11

Pituitary Gland

Answer 11

connected to hypothalamus via theinfundibulum

Question 12

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 12

• axons from hypothalamus cells

* stores two hormones produced by hypothalamus:

Question 13

Posterior Pituitary - Oxytocin

Answer 13

• Target: Reproductive Organs
• Function: Stimulate smooth muscle contraction in repro (especially in the uterus)
• Function: Stimulates breastmilk RELEASE

Question 14

Posterior Pituitary - Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 14

This makes you not pee as much
• Target: kidneys (and blood vessels)
• Function: Inhibits urine formation/production

Question 15

Anterior Pituitary - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Answer 15

• Target: Thyroid Gland

• Function: stimulates thyroid to produce/release its own hormones

Question 16

Anterior Pituitary - Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 16

• Target: Mammary glands

* Function: Stimulates breastmilk production

Question 17

Anterior Pituitary - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 17

• Target: Adrenal Cortex

* Function: stimulates adrenal cortex to release its hormones

Question 18

Anterior Pituitary - Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 18

• Target: most body cells, but especially bone & skeletal muscle
• Function: Stimulates Growth (Especially of bone and muscle)

Question 19

Anterior Pituitary - Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer 19

• Target: Ovaries/Testes

Question 20

Anterior Pituitary - Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 20

• Target: Ovaries/Testes

Question 21

ADH is produced by the __ and stored in the __.

Answer 21

Hypothalamus, Posterior Pituitary

Question 22

Name the hormone that if secreted in large quantities by the pituitary in a child will produce rapid growth including bones. If left untreated, person may become abnormally tall.

Answer 22

Growth Hormone

Question 23

Thyroid Gland Location

Answer 23

anterior to trachea and inferior to larynx

Question 24

Thyroid Hormone (TH)

Answer 24

stimulated by TSH (Thyroid Stimulated Hormone)

• produced by follicle cells
• Target: virtually all cells of the body
• Function: Increase metabolism (& thus, heat production) (Which will then cause someone to normally burn through calories)

Question 25

In a healthy person, as thyroid hormone levels increase, TSH secretion will ____

Answer 25

Decrease

Question 26

Thyroid Gland - Calcitonin

Answer 26

stimulated by high calcium levels in blood | * produced by parafollicular cells (Produce Calcitonin)

Question 27

Thyroid Gland - Calcitonin Target

Answer 27

bone – encourages deposition of calcium from bloodstream into bone tissue * so it lowers blood calcium levels (By encouraging osteoblasts; which are things that build bone) 

Question 28

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 28

4 tiny oval masses on posterior thyroid

Question 29

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Answer 29

stimulated by low levels of calcium in blood

Question 30

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Target

Answer 30

bone – encourages uptake of calcium into bloodstream from bone  * so it raises blood calcium levels

Question 31

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 31

releases corticosteroids in response to ACTH

Question 32

Adrenal Cortex (1)

Answer 32

one group of these steroids: controls balance of sodium (Na+) and potassium    (K+) ions in body fluids

Question 33

Adrenal Cortex (2)

Answer 33

another (2nd) group of steroids stimulates metabolism of glucose

Question 34

Adrenal Cortex (3)

Answer 34

another (3rd) group of these steroids:  secretes small amounts of androgens (male sex hormones) * in females, some androgens are converted to estrogen 

Question 35

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 35

* stimulated by sympathetic nervous system (In charge of Fight or Flight) secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenalin)

Question 36

Pancreas

Answer 36

has both exocrine and endocrine functions  | * exocrine functions were discussed w/digestive system

Question 37

Pancreatic islets

Answer 37

produce hormones

Question 38

Pancreas - Insulin

Answer 38

lowers blood sugar (glucose) levels * enhances cells to pick up glucose * helps convert some glucose into glycogen (a carbohydrate)   

Question 39

Pancreas - glucagon

Answer 39

raises blood sugar levels | * breaks down glycogen into glucose 

Question 40

Gonads (Ovaries and Testes)

Answer 40

 ovaries produce estrogen and progesteroe --  testes produce androgens (especially testosterone)  --  will discuss in reproductive system lectures