Reproductive System; Female

Question 1

Male and Female Organs consist of

Answer 1

Gonads

Accessory Reproductive Organs

Question 2

Gonads

Answer 2

(primary sex organs):testesin the male,ovariesin the female

Question 3

Accessory Reproductive Organs

Answer 3

uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external

genitalia, and mammary glands

Question 4

Accessory Reproductive Organs (2)

Answer 4

– at puberty: anterior pituitary releasesFSH(follicle stimulating hormone) andLH(Luteinizing hormone)
– be familiar with male vs. female reproductive homologues (similar organs)

Question 5

Ovary Functions

Answer 5

1) to produce oocytes (eggs) - (the female gametes)

2) to produce female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

Question 6

Ovary External Anatomy

Answer 6

• • each is oval shaped

- -within pelvic cavity

Question 7

Ovary Internal Anatomy

Answer 7

– has an outercortexand an innermedulla

• • Medulla contains blood vessels
• • Cortex contains ovarian follicles
• -ovarian folliclesconsist of anoocyte plus follicle (or granulosa) cells that surround the oocyte

Question 8

Ovary Follicles - Primordial Follicle

Answer 8

primaryoocyte surrounded by a single layerofflattened (squamos) follicle cells

Question 9

Ovary Follicles - Primary Follicle

Answer 9

primary oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of
cuboidal follicle (granulosa) cells

Question 10

Ovary Follicles - Secondary Follicle

Answer 10

primaryoocyte + follicle (granulosa) cells +antrum (fluid-filled space)

Question 11

Ovary Follicles - Vesicular Follicle

Answer 11

secondary oocyte + follicle(granulosa) cells + very LARGE antrum

Question 12

Ovulation

Answer 12

process where a secondary oocyte is expelled from the ovary

Question 13

Corpus Luteum

Answer 13

the ruptured follicle that underwent ovulation

* yellowish

Question 14

Corpus Luteum Function

Answer 14

To secrete estrogen and progesterone (which helps the functional layer of the uterus to develop)

Question 15

Corpus Albicans

Answer 15

Degenerated Corpus Luteum, White CT Scar

Question 16

Oogenesis; Before Birth; Ovary..

Answer 16

ovary/containsoogonia(oocyte “stem cells” or ‘parent cells’)
** oogonia contain 23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 17

Oogenesis; Before Birth; Primary Oocytes..

Answer 17

are oogonia that start the process of Meiosis!!

** meiosis

Question 18

Oogenesis; Before Birth; So before birth..

Answer 18

the ovary will contain primarilyprimordial follicles

(whichhaveprimary oocytesin them!)

Question 19

Oogenesis; During Childhood

Answer 19

ovary inactive(They just hangout for 10 years before the hormones are kicked in)

Question 20

Oogenesis; At Puberty

Answer 20

anterior pituitary secretes FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)and LH (luteinizing hormone): stimulates follicle to continue (re-developing) again

Question 21

Oogenesis; At Puberty; Each month..

Answer 21

each month from puberty to menopause (when ovulation/menses cease entirely):

• about 20 primordial follicles develop intoprimary follicles
• some primary follicles degenerate, while others becomesecondary follicles

Question 22

Oogenesis; At Puberty; One secondary follicle..

Answer 22

one secondary follicle becomes “dominant” and matures into avesicular follicle(95% of them did not make it to this stage)

• in thevesicular follicle, the primary oocyte completes Meiosis I,but gets (re-)stopped at Metaphase II
• • at this point, you now have asecondary oocyte!

Question 23

Oogenesis; At Puberty; LH Levels

Answer 23

a peak in LH levels at about day 14(of a 28-day ovarian cycle) will induceovulation
** the structure expelled is asecondary oocyte
** this oocyte is still suspended at metaphase II - it will not complete
meiosis UNLESS it is fertilized by a sperm (This is the only time that it will ever be able to complete Meiosis.)

Question 24

Oogenesis; At Puberty; After Ovulation

Answer 24

after ovulation, FSH and LH levels decline
** ruptured ovarian follicle becomes acorpus luteum
** corpus luteum eventually becomes acorpus albicans

Question 25

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes

Answer 25

paired tubes that attach to the uterus      --  each uterine tube is close to (but not attached to) the ovary!     --  at the ends of each tube are fimbriae

Question 26

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes Functions

Answer 26

1) to “pick up” secondary oocyte and transport it to uterus | 2) site for fertilization(Where egg and sperm meet) of the secondary oocyte!

Question 27

Uterus

Answer 27

site for implantation and development of the fertilized oocyte (soon to become an embryo and a fetus) * when a fertilized oocyte doesn't implant, it is the site of menstruation (shedding of part of the uterine wall)

Question 28

Uterus Gross Anatomy

Answer 28

single, pear-shaped organ, in pelvic cavity - -   cervix: the inferior, constricted part of the uterus * projects (sticks out) into the vagina

Question 29

Uterus Microscopic Anatomy Components

Answer 29

Perimtrium Myometrium Endometrium

Question 30

Uterus Microscopic Anatomy; Perimetrium

Answer 30

outermost layer  | * visceral peritoneum + areolar CT

Question 31

Uterus Microscopic Anatomy; Myometrium

Answer 31

middle layer  * THICKEST layer  * 3 layers of smooth muscle (Muscle for contraction at child birth)

Question 32

Uterus Microscopic Anatomy; Endometrium

Answer 32

innermost layer  * highly vascular  * columnar epithelium and CT  * fertilized oocyte implants here  * it is subdivided into 2 sublayers:

Question 33

Uterus Microscopic Anatomy; 2 Sublayers of Endometrium

Answer 33

Basal Layer | Functional Layer

Question 34

Basal Layer

Answer 34

he deeper layer immediately adjacent to the myometrium (Bae..sal layer: Never Leaves) * this is a permanent layer

Question 35

Functional Layer

Answer 35

* it will grow and develop during the ovarian cycle  * if a fertilized oocyte doesn't implant, this layer is shed during menstruation (Due to dropping progesterone levels, and still controlled by hormones)

Question 36

Vagina

Answer 36

--  muscular tube that opens to the outside  |     --  lies behind bladder and in front of rectum

Question 37

Vagina Functions

Answer 37

1) it is the copulatory organ of the female | 2) it is a passageway for menstruation and/or a baby to leave the body!

Question 38

External Genitalia Components

Answer 38

Mons Pubis Labia Majora Labia Minora

Question 39

Mons Pubis

Answer 39

fatty, rounded area - covered with pubic hair

Question 40

Labia Majora

Answer 40

two elongated, skin folds between legs - covered with pubic hair *Some fat *  homologous to: male scrotum (Same/Same … but different)

Question 41

Labia Minora

Answer 41

thin, hairless skin folds (No fat) | * between the labia minora are: Four Components

Question 42

Components of Labia Minora

Answer 42

Urethral Orifice (Opening) Vaginal Orifice (Opening) Openings for the greater vestibular glands Clitoris

Question 43

Openings For The Greater Vestibular Glands

Answer 43

* homologous to: Bulbourethral Gland | *  function: secrete mucus as a lubricant

Question 44

Clitoris

Answer 44

* homologous to: Male Penis * contains two columns of erectile tissue (corpora cavernosa)  (Where Labia Minora Meet) (3rd erectile tissue surrounds opening of vagina)

Question 45

Mammary Glands; Apocrine Glands

Answer 45

Pinch off part of cell and is secreted (Smelly glands)

Question 46

Mammary Gland

Answer 46

each mammary gland has glandular tissue, adipose tissue, and ligaments to  connect it to thoracic wall

Question 47

Mammary Gland Function

Answer 47

to produce milk for a baby  | * lactation = breast milk production

Question 48

Mammary Gland; Prolactin

Answer 48

Stimulates milk production

Question 49

Mammary Gland; Oxytocin

Answer 49

Expels breastmilk in response to a stimulus (stimulus such as sucking/crying)