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Flashcards in Endocrine System Deck (18)
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1
Q

Main endocrine glands

A

Pineal body
Pituitary gland
Thyroid
Parathyroid gland (behind thyroid in neck)
Adrenal glands (top of kidneys left side)
Pancreatic islets (of Langerhans)
Ovaries and testes

2
Q

Endocrine 2nd Tissue and glands function

A
Thymus gland
Heart
Stomach
Kidneys
Adipose Tissue
3
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

Cluster of epithelial cells that secrete a chemical messenger molecule called the hormone

4
Q

What does the endocrine system do

A

Maintains homeostasis - messenger molecules make the other cells do things that a keep constant body conditions when other things are changing

5
Q

Why is homeostasis important

A

It maintains everything in the body constant when things around then are changing so we don’t get sick or cells die?

6
Q

Endocrine glands are what glands

A

Ductless as they don’t release their hormones into ducts - they secrete then into tissue abs blood vessels

Target tissues have receptors for hormones

7
Q

How are target tissues changed

A

By the hormones attached to them
1) fat soluble hormones diffuse thru fatty cells walls, binds to a receptor molecule inside a switch on the genes in the DNA that contains the instructions for the job which release thyroid hormones

8
Q

When are most growth hormone released

A

During sleep when energy isn’t required by other things

9
Q

What is acromegaly

A

Ossification of bone growth plates

Bones become thicker and no longer grow

10
Q

What causes reduced hyposecretion of Growth hormones

A

Tumor in the pituitary or hypothalamus

Causes Pituitary Dwarfism

11
Q

Thyroid hormone (tsh) T3 and T4 helps with increased energy available are

A

Stimulate protein synthesis
Maintain body temp
Increase the use of fatty acids and glucose for ATP production
Increase fat breakdown to make more glucose available

12
Q

Stimuli for Increased thyroid secretion include

A

Exercise, stress, malnutrition, low blood glucose and sleep

13
Q

Anterior pituitary release hormones which either act on target tissue or stimulate other organs to produce their hormones

A

Hormones that the anterior pituitary release Prolactin, TSH (thyroid) GH , ACTH top of kidney adrenal cortex, MSH, FSH / LH

14
Q

Adrenal cortex (top of kidney) releases what hormones

A

glucocorticoids (steroids)
Minerlocorticoids &
Androgens (sex hormones)

15
Q

What two hormones controls Human Growth Hormone (hGH) from the hypothalamus

A

Growth hormones on releasing normal (GHIRH) and growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

Low blood glucose causes GHRH to be released by hypothalamus causes
HGH (human growth hormone released from anterior pituitary causes
Increased blood sugar releasing GHIH loops back to hypothalamus. This is a negative feedback

16
Q

What is the thyroid hormone important for

A

Regulating body temp
Increase any of 02 to all cells while at rest
Stimulate protein synthesis
Increase in use of fatty acids and glucose for ATP production
Increase-fat break for glucose

17
Q

What is an disorder of the adrenal cortex (found on kidney)when hyper secretion of cortisol hormone

A

Cushing syndrome - hyper secretions of cortisol hormone

  • Results in moon face effect
  • Excessive tissue protein breakdown -muscle wasting
  • osteoporosis
  • Suppressed growth hormone secretion
18
Q

What is an disorder of the adrenal cortex (found on kidney)when moderate secretion of cortisol hormone

A

Addison disease - adrenal cortex destroyed - no more production of hormones

  • muscle weakness
  • wasting
  • low blood glucose
  • confusion, menstral disturbance