Ones I Dont Know

Question 1

What is plexus

Answer 1

Crossing over

Question 2

What are the 5 main nerve that emerge from the brachial plexus

Answer 2

Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Radial
Ulnar
Median

Question 3

What are nerve cells stimulate by

Answer 3

Energy, heat, light , pressure

Question 4

List 7 somatic sensations

Answer 4

Touch
Heat
Pain
Pressure
Cold
Proprioception
Vibration

Question 5

In the parasympathetic NS up which cranial nerves do the physiological and stretch sensations go?

Answer 5

C 9 (Ix) and 10 (x) (vagus and glossopharyngeal)

S2,3,4 (pelvic splanchnic nerve)

Question 6

What is the point of digestion

Answer 6

To break down food molecules
So they can get pass the gut wall to the blood and All cells of the body
To provide energy by breaking up the bonds
For raw material to be used

Question 7

3 main components of connective Tissue matrix

Answer 7

Cells
Fibre
Ground substances

Question 8

3 main types of fibres found in connective Tissue

Answer 8

Collagen
Elastic
Reticular

Question 9

What is pleurisy

Answer 9

Inflammation of the pleura

Question 10

What is eupnea

Answer 10

Normal shallow breathing

Question 11

What is pneumothorax and what causes it

Answer 11

Collapsed lung-inner layer of lung pulled away from the outer layer due to puncture, which loses its surface tension

Question 12

What is essential hypertension

Answer 12

High blood pressure not dependent on another condition

Question 13

Cellular respiration, what is it

Answer 13

Burning of food molecules by oxygen to produce ATP and release Carbon dioxide

Question 14

List 5 symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 14

Weight loss
Fatigue 
Increased heart rate
Heat sensative
Xs sweating

Question 15

Diff btw Type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Answer 15

Type 1 - reduces or absent insulin

Type 2 - insulin resistance due to lifestyle

Question 16

What is the main mineralocorticoid hormone secretes by the adrenal cortex and what are the 3 main things it helps regulate

Answer 16

Aldosterone
Blood pressure
Blood volume
Acidity

Question 17

Where is the pineal gland, what does it release and what effect does it have

Answer 17

Roof of 3rd ventricle
Melatonin
Regulates sleepiness

Question 18

Where do the glucocorticoid hormones come from abs what is their overall effect

Answer 18

Adrenal cortex
Mobilising energy
Responding to stress

Question 19

How do secretions of the hypothalamus get to the anterior pituitary

Answer 19

Hypophyseal portal system

Question 20

How do secretions of the hypothalamus get to the posterior pituitary

Answer 20

Neurones that start in the hypothalamus reach down into the posterior pituitary and release neurotransmitter which are stored there

Question 21

Calcitonin is released from which cells and where are they located

Answer 21

Para follicular, thyroid

Question 22

What are the breakdown of the peripheral NS

Answer 22

PNS - somatic NS and autonomic NS

Then under autonomic NS is sympathetic and parasympathetic NS

Question 23

Give 2 reasons why muscle become shorter and stiffer if we don’t stretch

Answer 23

More in elastic fibres laid down in connective Tissue in muscle

Cross bridge form btw actin and myosin

Question 24

Two proteins in muscle

Answer 24

Myosin and actin

Question 25

What causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum in a muscle cell to open, releasing calcium ions which make the filaments slide and the muscle contract

Answer 25

Nerve impulse

Question 26

What muscle helps the agonist work more efficiently by reducing unnecessary movement called?

Answer 26

Synergists

Question 27

What is fibrillation

Answer 27

Spontaneous, irregular contraction of a single muscle fibre under skin only visible with emg

Question 28

What is myasthenia gravies and what causes its

Answer 28

Weak muscle caused by auto antibodies receptor site on muscles

Question 29

Which 4 hormones are released from the Graafian follicle (later corpus luteum)

Answer 29

Progesterone Oestrogen Relaxin Inhibin

Question 30

What is the production of sperm called

Answer 30

Spermatogenesis

Question 31

What’s the really diff thing that happens in spermatogenesis

Answer 31

Chromosomes reduce from 46 to 23 singles

Question 32

What are the 4 main types of cells in bone marrow

Answer 32

RBCs,wbcs, adipocytes and fibroblasts

Question 33

What is the functional unit of the kidneys

Answer 33

Nephron

Question 34

Which 2 hormones does the kidneys release

Answer 34

Erythropoietin and calcitonin

Question 35

What is rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 35

WBC’s attacking own cells - autoimmune inflammation

Question 36

Connective Tissue with In The muscle comes out to form the tendon

Answer 36

Tendon joins muscle to bone | Ligaments join bone to bone

Question 37

Everything that happens in the body happens due to

Answer 37

Shape and change of atoms and molecules

Question 38

What are protein made from

Answer 38

Atoms

Question 39

7 LV of organisation of the body

Answer 39

Atom, molecules, cells, tissue, organs, system, whole person

Question 40

What is the matrix in bone - material

Answer 40

25% protein and water 50% crystallised mineral salts

Question 41

List 6 characteristics of living things

Answer 41

Mr M Grd ``` Metabolism Reproduction Movement Growth Responsiveness Differentiation ```

Question 42

What are the two functional parts of the somatic nervous system (job they do)

Answer 42

Sensory and motor

Question 43

What is an ion

Answer 43

A charged atom that has gained or lost electrons

Question 44

What are the 4 types of tissue

Answer 44

Connective Muscle Nerve Epithelial

Question 45

What does connective Tissue do

Answer 45

Protects Connects and Binds

Question 46

Which digestive enzyme if made from haemoglobin

Answer 46

Bile

Question 47

What is the endocrine system made up of

Answer 47

Clusters of epithelial cells that secrete hormones

Question 48

Wha is the endocrine system for and how does it do what it does

Answer 48

To maintain homeostasis - messenger molecules make cells do things that keep conditions in the body constant when things around them are changing

Question 49

Which 2 major systems does the hypothalamus control

Answer 49

NS and endocrine

Question 50

Where does the hardness come from in bones and where does the strength and flexibility come from

Answer 50

Mineral salts and protein fibres

Question 51

What is Potts fracture

Answer 51

Fibula fractured at far end

Question 52

Which hormone causes osteoclast activity to increase resulting in less calcium in bone and more in blood

Answer 52

Parathyroid

Question 53

Wha Is rickets

Answer 53

Failure of the bone to calcify

Question 54

What is the name for the mechanism by which muscle move

Answer 54

Sliding filament

Question 55

Wha is the name of the place where a nerve cell aches to a muscle cell

Answer 55

Neuromuscular junction

Question 56

Where does the energy in the ATP that lowers the muscle come from

Answer 56

Energy bonds in food being broken down

Question 57

What are the two types of muscle contractions

Answer 57

Isotonic and isometric

Question 58

Which type of muscle contraction does not involve a change of length

Answer 58

Isometric

Question 59

Why are there no stripes in smooth muscle

Answer 59

Because the actin and myosin are not arranged in parallel rows as they are in striped muscle

Question 60

What’s the big thing about cardiac muscle

Answer 60

Auto rhythmic

Question 61

Which end of a muscle is the origin

Answer 61

End attached to the Stationary bone

Question 62

What does connective Tissue do

Answer 62

Protects - binds and connect

Question 63

What do epithelial tissue do

Answer 63

Secrete, absorbs and lines

Question 64

State 4 functions of the liver

Answer 64

``` Make urea Make bile and other enzymes Alkaline the small intestine Detoxify the blood Make blood clotting enzymes ```

Question 65

What is cellular respiration and where does it happen

Answer 65

Food molecules being broken down by o2 to release ATP and releases co2

Question 66

What are the 4 types of tissue

Answer 66

Connective Tissue Fibre Elastic Reticular

Question 67

What is the endocrine system made up of

Answer 67

Cluster of epithelial cells that secrete hormones

Question 68

What is the endocrine system for and how does it do what it does

Answer 68

Maintain homeostasis | Messenger molecules make cells do things that keep conditions in the body constant when things around them are changing

Question 69

Which two major systems does the hypothalamus control

Answer 69

Endocrine and NS

Question 70

Where does the hardness come from in bones and where does the strength and flexibility come from

Answer 70

Mineral salts and protein fibres

Question 71

What is a Potts fracture

Answer 71

Fibula fracture at far end

Question 72

What is colles fracture

Answer 72

Fracture of far end of radius’s

Question 73

Which hormone causes osteoclast activity to increase resulting in less calcium in bone and more in blood

Answer 73

Parathyroid

Question 74

What causes rickets

Answer 74

Failure of the bone to calcify

Question 75

What causes gout

Answer 75

Sodium urate crystals

Question 76

What is the name for the mechanism by which muscles move

Answer 76

Sliding filament

Question 77

What is the name of the place where a nerve cell attaches to a muscle cell

Answer 77

Neuromuscular junction

Question 78

What gives muscle their tone

Answer 78

Firing of muscle fibres

Question 79

Where does the energy in the atp that power the muscle come from

Answer 79

Energy bonds in food being broken down

Question 80

Where would you find alpha cells and what do they secrete and what is the effect

Answer 80

Pancreas Secret glucagon Increase blood glucose

Question 81

What is sperm production called

Answer 81

Spermatogenesis

Question 82

What is oogenesis

Answer 82

Cell in overview develops into an egg

Question 83

What do the kidneys do

Answer 83

Filter the blood to form urine which is secretes from the body

Question 84

What is the stimulus that causes human growth hormone to be released from the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 84

Low blood sugar

Question 85

Which two hormones does the thyroid gland release

Answer 85

T3 | T4

Question 86

What are the 4 main things the female sex hormone do

Answer 86

``` Maintain pregnancy Regulate menstration Maintains the female body shape Breast Development and milk production ```

Question 87

Where would you find beta cells and what do they do

Answer 87

Pancreas | Secret insulin which reduces blood glucose

Question 88

Which artery and vein supply the kidneys

Answer 88

Renal

Question 89

Where does the uric acid in urea come from

Answer 89

DNA and rna breakdown

Question 90

What is a tremor

Answer 90

Rhythmic involvement , purposeless contraction causing shaking

Question 91

What are the 2 ways by which hormones can change what a cell is doing

Answer 91

Fat soluble hormones switch on the gene in the dna | Water soluble hormones binds the receptor and acts as an enzyme that makes the cell do its job

Question 92

What are mammary glands

Answer 92

Modified sweat glands that produce milk

Question 93

What is the condition called in which bone resorption is greater then deposition

Answer 93

Osteoporosis

Question 94

Which two hormones together stimulate sperm production in the testes

Answer 94

Testosterone and FSH

Question 95

What are the 2 things that all cells have to do

Answer 95

Keep on living and making protein enzymes to make things happen

Question 96

What is a living thing meaning

Answer 96

A living thing is what a living thing does

Question 96

What are the 2 functional (jobs they do) parts of the somatic nervous system

Answer 96

Sensory and motor