Endocrine System Flashcards
(23 cards)
Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus get to the anterior pituitary by way of blood vessels called the _________.
Hypophyseal portal system
Some endocrine glands elsewhere in the body suppress the secretion of hormones by the pituitary. This is called the _______.
Negative feedback inhibition
Hypersecretion of growth hormone causes _________ if it occurs in childhood or adolescence and __________ if it occurs in adulthood.
Gigantism;acromegaly
The metabolic rate is regulated by a large endocrine gland near the larynx called the __________.
Thyroid
Hormones of the adrenal cortex fall into three categories: sex steroids, _______, and __________.
Glucocorticoids; mineralcorticoids
The endocrine part of the pancreas consists of cell clusters called __________.
Pancreatic islets
The __________ in the adrenal cortex secretes cortisol, while the _________ secretes aldosterone.
Zona fasiculata; zona glomerulosa
The interstitial cells of the testis secrete ________.
Testosterone
Exocrine secretions have _________ effects, while endocrine secretions have _________ effects.
Extracellular; intracellular
Two symptoms of diabetes mellitus are ________, which means glucose in the urine, and ________, which means an abnormally high level of glucose in the blood.
Glucosuria; hyperglycemia
Consequence of a dietary iodine deficiency
Endemic goiter
Hormone of the kidneys and liver that increases red blood cell production
Erythropoietin
Caused by certain viruses acting on genetically susceptible people
Type 1 DM
Any pituitary hormone that stimulates the ovaries or testes
Gonadotropin
Stimulates release of glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex
ACTH
The anterior pituitary can be stimulated by:
Coricotropin releasing hormone
Blood calcium concentration is controlled mainly by a hormone from the:
Parathyroids
_________ is referred to as the “salt-retaining hormone,” and it helps correct low blood pressure.
Aldosterone
Antidiuretic hormone:
Reduces urine output
Insulin injections will not benefit people with type 2 diabetes mellitus because:
Their target cells lack receptors for insulin
Chronic stress can make a person more susceptible to infections cancer because it stimulates the continual secretion of
Cortisol
A cell can increase its own sensitivity to a circulating hormone by the process of:
Up-regulation
Eicosanoids are synthesized from one of the plasma membrane phospholipids called:
Arachnoid a is
