Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RUSVM Histology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Long day breeders

A

Horses breed when days are longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pinealocytes produce___ in response to____

A

Melatonin; stimuli detected in the retina (darkness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pars Intermedia cells secrete…

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) - acts on melanocytes in epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Characteristics of Endocrine glands

A

Epithelial in origin
Ductless
Highly vascular
Mediated by hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gonadotropic cells secrete…

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) - act on testes and ovaries (gonads)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 ways hypothalamus controls distant cells via hormones

A
  1. Production of releasing hormones - released into “portal system” to target cells in adenohypophysis
  2. Hormones transported and stored in neurohypophysis, then released into blood (AHD, oxytocin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do most hormones bind?

A

receptors on cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Components of the Thyroid gland

A

Follicles, “C” cells (clear cells/parafollicular cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pars Distalis acidophils

A

somatotropes (growth hormone)

mammotropes (lacticotropes - prolactin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Zones of the adrenal cortex (3)

A
  1. Glomerulosa - mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
  2. Fasciculata - glucocorticoids (cortisol)
  3. Reticularis - weak androgens (note: lipid vacuoles and vascularity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 hormones produced by the kidneys

A
  1. Renin

2. Erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the Parathyroid Gland do?

A

Secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) into capillaries in response to low blood Ca levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Importance of melatonin

A

Time of day/time of year “clock and calendar” for seasonal reproduction. Also an antioxidant with immune enhancing and oncostatic properties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Short day breeders

A

Sheep, goats, deer, elk breed when days are shorter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 parts of adenohypophysis (AP)

A
  1. Pars distalis - largest section, secretes majority of hormones
  2. Pars intermedia - source of melanocyte-stimulating hormone
  3. Pars tuberalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endocrine cells in small intestine secrete…

A

Secretin and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of Epiphysis (Pineal Gland)

A

Regulate daily rhythms of bodily activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Origins of pituitary gland (2)

A

adeno - epithelial (from roof of pharynx)

neuro - neuroectodermal (from diencephalon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mammotropic cells secrete…

A

Prolactin (PRL) - acts on mammary glands and testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Links nervous and endocrine systems via the pituitary gland/hypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Enteroendocrine cells in epithelium mucosae of small intestine secrete…

Study These Flashcards
A

cholecystokinin (CCK) for gall bladder contraction

22
Q

What does Calcitonin do?

Study These Flashcards
A

Targets bone and kidney to lower blood Ca level. Decreases osteoclast activity, decreases renal Ca resorption.

23
Q

What do “C” (parafollicular) cells in the thyroid do?

Study These Flashcards
A

Secrete Calcitonin in response to high blood calcium

24
Q

Thyrotropic cells secrete…

Study These Flashcards
A

TSH - acts on thyroid gland

25
Herring bodies
Swellings along axons in the infundibulum and pars nervosa. Where hormones accumulate - storage for ADH and oxytocin
26
Renin
Produced by juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney. Part of RAAS pathway. Control of BP.
27
Pyloric region of the stomach secretes...
Gastrin
28
Somatotropic cells secrete...
GH - acts on all tissues, esp bone, muscle and adipose
29
What kind of response do hormones produce?
slow and sustained
30
Chain of events in adenohypophysis function
1. Hypothalamus produces releasing hormones 2. Hormones travel to AP pars distalis where they stimulate acidophils or basophils to produce another hormone 3. 2nd hormone travels to target organ, where a 3rd hormone is produced. 4. 3rd hormone causes effect
31
What do follicles in the thyroid do?
Lining cells produce thyroglobulin and store it in the lumen in a substance called "colloid". Lining cells endocytose thyroglobulin from the colloid and convert it to active T3/T4 (thyroxine).
32
Where do steroids bind?
Pass through plasma membrane and bind to nucleus
33
5 Primary Endocrine Organs (glands)
1. Pituitary (hypophysis) 2. Pineal (epiphysis) 3. Thyroid 4. Parathyroid 5. Adrenals * Ultimobranchial bodies in birds
34
3 parts of neurohypophysis (PP)
1. Pars nervosa (pars posterior) 2. Infundibular stalk (infundibulum) 3. Eminentia mediana - small attachment between hypophysis and infundibulum
35
What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?
Increases Ca level in blood by targeting bone and kidney. Stimulates osteoclasts to promote bone resorption, increase Ca resorption in kidneys.
36
"Endocrine"
Endo - secretes internally (into bloodstream). Ductless gland system. 
37
3 types of hormones involved in endocrine system
1. Proteins (insulin), glycoproteins (LH, FSH, TSH), polypeptides (oxytocin, prolactin) 2. Amino acids (T3, T4), catecholamines (epi and norepi) 3. Steroids: testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, aldosterone
38
Corticotropic cells secrete...
ACTH - acts on adrenal cortex
39
"Pineal Gland" =
Epiphysis Cerebri "pine cone"
40
Erythropoietin
Cytokine for RBC precursors. Controls erythropoiesis (production of RBCs).
41
Pars Distalis basophils
Thyrotropes (thyrotropin) Gonadotropes (follicle stimulating hormone) Gonadotropes (luteinizing hormone) Adrenocorticotropes (ACTH)
42
2 parts of the Adrenal Gland
1. Cortex - from mesoderm - secretes corticosteroids | 2. Medulla - from neural crest - secretes catecholamines
43
Islets of Langerhan
Alpha - glucagon, CCK, GIP Beta - insulin, IAPP Delta - somatostatin Other - gastrin
44
Functions of the Endocrine System
Growth and development Internal environment Energy production/storage/utilization Reproduction
45
What the hell is Corpora arenacea?
"brain sand". Calcified structures in the pineal gland. Older organisms have more.
46
Atrial myocardial cells secrete...
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP). Promotes Na+ and H2O loss - decreases BP. Targets distal convoluted tubules of kidneys.
47
What does the medulla of the adrenal gland secrete?
Chromaffin cells secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are stored in secretory granules
48
Secretory cells of the Epiphysis
Pinealocytes
49
2 parts of Pituitary Gland
PP - posterior pituitary - neurohypophysis | AP - anterior pituitary - adenohypophysis (requires releasing hormone from hypothalamus)
50
What regulates the synthesis, iodination, and proteolysis of thyroglobulin?
TSH

RUSVM Histology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions