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Human Anatomy II > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

Hormones (105 cards)

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1
Q

Life span of a hormone?

A

Half life

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2
Q

How are peptide hormones synthesized?

A

Produced as inactive forms and stored in vesicles

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3
Q

How are peptide hormones released?

A

through exocytosis

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4
Q

Steroid hormones are made from?

A

on demand from cholesterol

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5
Q

How are steroid hormones released?

A

diffusion

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6
Q

What types of amino acid derived hormones are there?

A

Catecholamines and Thyroid

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7
Q

How are catecholamines synthesized?

A

Produced and stored in vesicles

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8
Q

How are catecholamines released?

A

Through exocytosis

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9
Q

Thyroid hormones are synthesized how?

A

Produced and stored as a precursor

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10
Q

How are thyroid hormones released?

A

Facilitated diffusion using a carrier

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11
Q

How are peptides transported?

A

Dissolved in plasma

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12
Q

Half life of Peptides

A

Minutes

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13
Q

Receptor type of peptides

A

Membrane bound receptors

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14
Q

What are examples of Peptide hormones

A

insulin, growth hormone

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15
Q

How are steroid hormones transported?

A

bound to carrier proteins

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16
Q

Half life of steroid hormones

A

100S OF MINUTES

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17
Q

Receptor type of steroid hormones

A

cytosolic or nuclear receptors

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18
Q

examples of steroid hormones

A

estrogen, testosterone

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19
Q

catecholamine transport

A

dissolved in the plasma

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20
Q

catecholamine half life

A

less than a minute

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21
Q

catecholamine receptor type

A

membrane bound receptors

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22
Q

examples of catecholamines

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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23
Q

Thyroid transport

A

Bound to carrier proteins

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24
Q

Half life of thyroid hormones

A

days

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25
Receptor type of thyroid hormones
nuclear receptors
26
examples of thyroid hormone receptors
Thyroxine
27
GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH)
Released by Hypothalamus and targets the anterior pituitary. Stimulates the secretion of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
28
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
Released from Hypothalamus and targets the anterior pituitary gland. Stimulates secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone
29
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Released by Hypothalamus and targets the anterior pituitary; stimulates secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
30
Growth Hormone- Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
Released by Hypothalamus and targets the anterior pituitary; stimulates secretion of growth hormone. (GH)
31
Growth Hormone- Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH, somatostatin)
Released by Hypothalamus and targets the anterior pituitary; inhibit secretion of (GH)
32
Prolactin- Inhibiting Hormone (PIF, dopamine)
Released by Hypothalamus and targets the anterior pituitary; inhibit secretion of Prolactin (PRL)
33
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Secreted from the anterior pituitary and targets the thyroid gland. Stimulates secretion of T3 and t4
34
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
secreted from anterior pituitary and targets the ovaries and testes. Male: sperm production. Female: Follicle development and estrogen secretion
35
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Secreted from anterior pituitary. Targets the ovaries and testes.
36
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)
Secreted from the anterior pituitary. Targets the Adrenal Cortex. Stimulates secretion of Glucocorticoids. (Cortisol)
37
Growth Hormone (GH)
Secreted from the anterior pituitary and targets most tissues. It stimulates tissue growth and regulated the metabolism
38
Prolactin
Secreted from anterior pituitary gland. Targets mammary glands and ovaries. Stimulates milk production, and up regulation of FSH and LH receptors
39
Oxytocin
Posterior Pit releases and targets the uterus and mammary glands. Stimulates uterine contractions, stimulates release of milk, social and moral feelings (brain)
40
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Released by posterior pit. Targets kidney and blood vessels; renal water reabsorption, vasocontriction
41
Thyroxine (T4)
targets whole body and is released from the thyroid gland. Metabolism
42
Triiodothyronine (T3)
targets the whole body, and is released from the thyroid gland. Metabolism and growth.
43
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
targets the bone and is released from the parathyroid gland. Increases blood calcium
44
Insulin
released from pancreas. Targets skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. Lowers the blood glucose levels
45
Glucagon
Released from pancreas, targets the liver. Raises blood sugar levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown and glucose synthesis.
46
Aldosterone
Targets the kidney. Comes from the adrenal glands. Increases the NA+ reabsorption and excretion, increased water reabsorption.
47
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
released from the adrenal glands, targets most tissue, increases protein and lipid breakdown. Increased glucose production
48
Androgens
Targets many tissues and is released from adrenal glands. Stimulates axillary and pubic hair in females
49
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
targets many tissues and the adrenal glands release it. Increases the blood glucose, fight or flight response
50
What do the Gonads produce (hormones)?
Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone
51
What do the gonad hormones target?
Most and many tissues
52
What is testosterone responsible for?
Male sexual development. | Spermatogenesis
53
What is estrogen responsible for?
Female sexual development
54
What is progesterone responsible for?
Gestation, Maternal behavior
55
What secretes Gastrin?
Digestive Tract
56
What does gastrin target?
Parietal cells
57
What is the action of gastrin?
Gastric acid secretion
58
What is cholecystokinin (CCK) produced by?
digestive tract
59
What does CCK target?
Gall bladder, pancreas, and stomach
60
What is the role of CCK
Releases bile from the gall bladder, secretion of digestive enzymes by pancreas, and decreases stomach emptying.
61
Where is secretin produced?
Digestive tract
62
What does secretin target?
Pancreas and liver
63
Role of secretin
Increases bicarbonate secretion by pancreas and liver
64
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) is produced where?
Digestive tract
65
What does GIP target?
Beta cells of the pancreas
66
What is the role of GIP
Increased insulin secretion
67
What is a pheromone?
a hormone that is secreted and becomes airborne to trigger social responses in other members of the same species.
68
What is the passage way from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland?
The Hypothalamo Hypophyseal Portal System
69
What is the passage way from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland?
Hypothalamo hypophyseal tract
70
What is the Posterior Pituitary Gland made of?
Extension of the hypothalamus. Nueral tissue
71
What is the Anterior Pituitary gland made of?
Glandular tissue
72
What are the 6 trophic hormones?
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH, somatostatin) Prolactin-Inhibiting Hormone (PIF, dopamine)
73
What does Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) stimulate?
Stimulates the secretion of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
74
What does Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) stimulate?
Stimulates secretion of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. (TSH)
75
What does Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) stimulate?
stimulates secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone. (ACTH)
76
What does Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) stimulate?
Stimulates secretion of Growth Hormone (GH)
77
What does growth hormone- inhibiting hormone (GHIH, somatostatin) stimulate?
Inhibits the secretion of growth hormone (GH)
78
What does prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIF, dopamine) do?
Inhibits the secretion of Prolactin (PRL)
79
What is a trophic hormone?
Hormone that stimulates another hormone
80
Where are trophic hormones found?
The hypothalamus
81
What do the trophic hormones act on?
The anterior pituitary gland.
82
What does thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) do?
stimulates the secretion of thyroxin (T4) and Thriiodothyronine (T3)
83
What does FSH doe?
responsible for the male and female sexual development
84
What does LH do?
male and female sexual development
85
Role of Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)
stimulates the glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
86
What stimulates ACTH?
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)
87
What stimulates FSH and LH?
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
88
Role of Growth Hormone
stimulates tissue growth and regulates metabolism
89
Role of Prolactin
stimulates milk production and up regulation of FSH and LH
90
Role of Oxytocin
stimulates uterus contractions, release of milk, and social/moral feelings
91
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) role
Renal water reabsorption. Vasoconstriction
92
What does ADH target?
kidneys and blood vessels
93
What are the two thyroid gland hormones?
Thyroxine | Triiodothyronine
94
What do T3 AND T4 do?
act on metabolism and growth
95
Parathyroid Hormone action
increases blood calcium
96
where does PTH target?
bones
97
2 hormones of the pancreas
insulin and glucagon
98
Role of Insulin
lowers the blood glucose levels
99
Where does insulin target?
skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver
100
Role of Glucagon
raises the blood glucose levels, stimulates glycogen breakdowns and glucose synthesis
101
Where does glucagon target?
Liver
102
Aldosterone Role
Increases sodium reabsorption, excretion, increased water reabsorption
103
Glucocorticoids (cortisol) role
Increased protein and lipid breakdown
104
Androgen role
Stimulates axillary and pubic hair growth in females
105
Epinephrine and norepinephrine role
Increases blood glucose, and fight or flight response

Human Anatomy II (3 decks)

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