endocrine system

Question 1

What are the 6 major hormones that the anterior pituitary secretes?

Answer 1

1. Growth hormone-increases cell growth
2. Follicle stimulating hormone- stimulates estrogen secretion and sperm production
3. Lutenizing hormone- Triggers ovulation, testosterone secretion
4. Prolactin-causes milk production, is also in males
5. Adrenocorticotropin hormone-stimulates cells of adrenal cortex that produce glucocorticoids
6. Thyroid stimulating hormone- stimulates T3 and T4 production.

Question 2

What are the 2 major hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes?

Answer 2

1. Antidiuretic hormone- Decrease urine production, sweating, increases Bloodm pressure and thirst.
2. Oxytocin-Involved in child birth.

Question 3

Effects of oxytocin (OT)?

Answer 3

During delivery: hormone release enhances muscle contractions
After delivery: Suckling and baby’s cry stimulates milk release.

Question 4

What connects the right and left lobes of the thyroid?

Answer 4

A midline isthmus.

Question 5

What hormones are secreted from the thyroid?

Answer 5

T3, T4, calcitonin.

The purpose of theses hormones is to regulate oxygen use and metabloic rate, growth and development-particularly skeletal and nervous tissues.
Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels

Question 6

What are the parathyroid glands?

Answer 6

Four small glands embedded on posterior surface of thyroid.

Question 7

What is the hormone secreted by the parathyroid?

Answer 7

Parathyroid hormone-Raises blood calcium levels by increasing osteoclast activity and increases reabsorption of Ca2+ by kidney.

Question 8

What are the sections of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 8

Zona glomerulosa: aldosterone secreted in response to low BP, signals kidneys to absorb more sodium and water.
Zona Fasciculata: Cortisol secreted in response to stress, raises blood sugar levels.
Zona reticularis: Produces the sex hormones.

Question 9

Characteristics of pancreas?

Answer 9

Both an exocrine and endocrine glands. Contains alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells and F cells.

Question 10

What hormone does each pancreas cell type produce?

Answer 10

Alpha cells: Glucagon (increase blood sugar)
Beta cells: insulin
Delta cells: Somatostatin
F cells: Pancreatic polypeptides.

Question 11

Characteristics of pineal gland?

Answer 11

Secretes melatonin and is located in posterior region of epithalamus.