Skeletal system Flashcards
What is the axial skeleton? Appendicular skeleton?
Axial: Skull, vertebral column, bony thorax.
Appendicular: Bones of pectoral girdle, upper limbs, lower limbs, and pelvic girdle.
What is the sphenoid bone?
A bone that lies in the center of the skull and articulates with all other cranial bones. Has a depression to house and protect pituitary gland. Has wings for muscle attachments.
What is the ethmoid bone?
The deepest bone in the body, contributes to the eye socket.
What is the hymoid bone?
A bone that lies inferiorly to the mandible, and is the only bone that doesnt articulate with any other bone in the body.
How many irregular bones are in the vertebral column?
The spinal column is comprised of 26 irregular bones.
What are the types of vertebrae? how many of each are there?
Cervical: 7 bones, C1-C7 Thoracic: 12 bones, T1-T12 Lumbar: 5 bones, L1-L5 Sacral: 5 Bones (fused) Coccyx: 3-4 Bones (Fused)
What is the structure of vertebrae?
Body (Centrum): Anterior weight-bearing region.
Vertebral arch: Composed of pedicles and laminae that enclose vertebral foramen.
Vertebral foramina: Together make up canal for spinal cord.
Intervertebral foramina: Lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae for spinal nerves.
What are vertebral processes?
Projections from vertebrae, seven per vertebra.
Cervical vertebrae features?
Smallest, lightest vertebrae. C3-C7 have oval bodies, spinal processes are bifid (split tip) except C7. C7 is the vertebra prominens (palpable under the skin)
What is the atlas vertebrae?
C1, has no body or processes, allows for head movement for “yes”.
What is the axis vertebrae?
C2, first vertebrae to have a body, Movement for “No”.
Thoracic vertebrae features?
T1-T12, all articulate with ribs, Processes point downward (Inferiorly), T11-T12 lack transverse costal facets.
Lumbar vertebrae features?
L1-L5, receives most stress, proceesses point posteriorly.
Sacrum and coccyx features?
Sacrum: formed from five fused bones
Coccyx: Formed from 3-5 smaller bones also fused.
Bony thorax features?
3 fused bones:
Manubrium (superior)
Body (midportion)
Xiphoid process (inferior end)
Rib features?
12 pairs
Pairs 1-7: True (vertebrosternal) ribs
Pairs 8-12: False ribs
What is the pectoral girdle?
An incomplete girdle that doesnt fully encircle the body. Comprised of clavicle and scapula.
What is most commonly broken bone in body?
The clavicle (collar bone)
What are the bones in the upper limb?
Humerus Radius and ulna Carpal bones Metacarpal bones Phalanges
Humerus features?
Longest bone in upper limb
Ulna and radius features?
Ulna: Medial bone in forearm, longer than radius.
Radius: Lateral bone in forearm ( thumb), shorter more mobile than ulna.
What are the bones of the hand?
8 carpal (wrist) bones 5 metacarpal (palm) Bones 14 phalanges (finger bones)
What is the pelvic girdle?
Complete girdle forming a complete belt.
What is the os coxae?
The Hip bone coprised of the ilium (superior region), the ischium (posteroinferior) and pubis (anterior).
